E (kana)

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e
hiragana
japanese hiragana e
katakana
japanese katakana e
transliteratione
hiragana origin
katakana origin
Man'yōgana衣 依 愛 榎 曳 延 要 遥 叡 兄 江 吉 枝
spelling kana英語のエ
(Eigo no "e")
Note: The Man'yōgana represented either the "E" or "Ye" syllable, which merged in later pronunciation

In Japanese writing, the kana (hiragana) and (katakana) (romanised e) occupy the fourth place, between and , in the modern Gojūon (五十音) system of collating kana. In the Iroha, they occupy the 34th, between and . In the table at right (ordered by columns, from right to left), え lies in the first column (あ行, "column A") and the fourth row (え段, "row E"). Both represent [e].

Form Rōmaji Hiragana Katakana
Normal a/i/u/e/o
(あ行 a-gyō)
e
ei
ee
ē
えい, えぃ
ええ, えぇ
えー
エイ, エィ
エエ, エェ
エー

Derivation[edit]

え and エ originate, via man'yōgana, from the kanji and , respectively.

The archaic kana (we), as well as many non-initial occurrences of the character (he), have entered the modern Japanese language as え. The directional particle へ is today pronounced "e", though not written as え. Compare this to (ha) and (wo), which are pronounced "wa" and "o" when used as grammatical particles.

For the kana romanized sometimes as "e", see we (kana).

Variant forms[edit]

Scaled-down versions of the kana (ぇ, ェ) are used to express morae foreign to the Japanese language, such as ヴェ (ve). In several Okinawan writing systems, a small ぇ is also combined with the kana く(ku) and ふ (fu or hu) to form the digraphs くぇ kwe and ふぇ hwe.

Transliteration[edit]

In the Hepburn, Kunrei-shiki and Nihon-shiki systems of romanization, both え and エ are transliterated as "e". In the Polivanov system of cyrillization, the kana are transliterated as "э".

Stroke order[edit]

Stroke order in writing え
Stroke order in writing え
Stroke order in writing エ
Stroke order in writing エ
Stroke order in writing え
Stroke order in writing え

The hiragana え is made with two strokes:

  1. At the top, a short diagonal stroke proceeding downward and to the right.
  2. At the bottom, a stroke composed of a horizontal line, a diagonal proceeding downward and to the left, and a rightward stroke resembling a tilde (~).
Stroke order in writing エ
Stroke order in writing エ

The katakana エ is made with three strokes:

  1. At the top, a horizontal stroke from left to right.
  2. A downward vertical stroke starting in the center of the first stroke.
  3. At the bottom, a horizontal stroke parallel to the first stroke, and touching the second. This stroke is usually slightly longer than the first.

This is also the way to make the Latin letter "I" (although the correct upper case form does not look like the lower case Latin letter "l")

Other communicative representations[edit]

  • Full Braille representation
え / エ in Japanese Braille
え / エ
e
えい / エー
ē/ei
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124) ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
Character information
Preview
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER E KATAKANA LETTER E HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER E CIRCLED KATAKANA E
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 12360 U+3048 12456 U+30A8 65396 U+FF74 13011 U+32D3
UTF-8 227 129 136 E3 81 88 227 130 168 E3 82 A8 239 189 180 EF BD B4 227 139 147 E3 8B 93
Numeric character reference え え エ エ エ エ ㋓ ㋓
Shift JIS[1] 130 166 82 A6 131 71 83 47 180 B4
EUC-JP[2] 164 168 A4 A8 165 168 A5 A8 142 180 8E B4
GB 18030[3] 164 168 A4 A8 165 168 A5 A8 132 49 151 54 84 31 97 36 129 57 209 57 81 39 D1 39
EUC-KR[4] / UHC[5] 170 168 AA A8 171 168 AB A8
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[6] 198 172 C6 AC 199 64 C7 40
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[7] 198 238 C6 EE 199 164 C7 A4
Character information
Preview
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL E KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 12359 U+3047 12455 U+30A7 65386 U+FF6A
UTF-8 227 129 135 E3 81 87 227 130 167 E3 82 A7 239 189 170 EF BD AA
Numeric character reference ぇ ぇ ェ ェ ェ ェ
Shift JIS[1] 130 165 82 A5 131 70 83 46 170 AA
EUC-JP[2] 164 167 A4 A7 165 167 A5 A7 142 170 8E AA
GB 18030[3] 164 167 A4 A7 165 167 A5 A7 132 49 150 54 84 31 96 36
EUC-KR[4] / UHC[5] 170 167 AA A7 171 167 AB A7
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[6] 198 171 C6 AB 198 254 C6 FE
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[7] 198 237 C6 ED 199 163 C7 A3
Character information
Preview 𛀀 𛀁
Unicode name KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC E HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 110592 U+1B000 110593 U+1B001
UTF-8 240 155 128 128 F0 9B 80 80 240 155 128 129 F0 9B 80 81
UTF-16 55340 56320 D82C DC00 55340 56321 D82C DC01
Numeric character reference 𛀀 𛀀 𛀁 𛀁

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. "Shift-JIS to Unicode".
  2. ^ a b Unicode Consortium; IBM. "EUC-JP-2007". International Components for Unicode.
  3. ^ a b Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set.
  4. ^ a b Unicode Consortium; IBM. "IBM-970". International Components for Unicode.
  5. ^ a b Steele, Shawn (2000). "cp949 to Unicode table". Microsoft / Unicode Consortium.
  6. ^ a b Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. "BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)".
  7. ^ a b van Kesteren, Anne. "big5". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.