Gubbi Gubbi language
| Kabi | |
|---|---|
| Kabi Kabi | |
| Region | Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Kabi Kabi (Kabi), Butchulla (incl. Ngulungbara) |
Native speakers | 24 of the Batjala dialect (2016 census)[1] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:gbw – Kabi-Kabixby – Batyala |
| Glottolog | kabi1260 |
| AIATSIS[2] | E29 Gubbi Gubbi, E30 Butchulla |
| ELP | Gubbi Gubbi |
| Batyala[3] | |
 Badjala is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Gubbi Gubbi, also spelt Kabi Kabi, is a language of Queensland in Australia, formerly spoken by the Gubbi Gubbi people of South-east Queensland. The main dialect, Gubbi Gubbi, is extinct, but there are still 24 people with knowledge of the Butchulla dialect (also spelt Batjala, Batyala, Badjala, and variants), a language spoken by the Butchulla people of K'gari.
Words[edit]
According to Norman Tindale (1974), the word Kabi (['kabi]), means "no".[2]
"Wunya ngulum" means "Welcome, everyone" in Kabi Kabi/Gubbi Gubbi.[4]
Language status[edit]
The main dialect is extinct, but there were still 24 people with knowledge of the Batjala dialect (a language spoken by the Butchulla people of K'gari formerly known as Fraser Island) as of the 2016 Australian census.[1]
Phonology[edit]
The following is in the Badjala/Butchulla dialect:
Consonants[edit]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex/ Palatal |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | plain | b | d̪ | d | (ɟ) | ɡ |
| tense | pː | d̪ː | kː | |||
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | (ɲ) | ŋ | |
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | r | ɻ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
- /n̪/ is always heard as palatal [ɲ] when preceding /i/, and in word-final position.
- /d̪/ can be heard in free variation with palatal [ɟ].
- /b d̪ ɡ/ can have lenited allophones [β ð ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
- /ɻ/ has a lateral allophone of [ɭ] when preceding /b/.
- /ɡ/ is often slightly palatalised as [ɡʲ] before /i/.
Vowels[edit]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː |
| Mid | ɛ ɛː | |
| Low | a aː | |
- /aː/ can sometimes be heard as [æː] before /l/.
- /u/ can be heard as [ɔ] when preceding an intervocalic /ɻ/.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". stat.data.abs.gov.au. ABS. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ a b E29 Gubbi Gubbi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
- ^ Endangered Languages Project data for Batyala.
- ^ "Say G'day in an Indigenous Language" (PDF). slq.qld.gov.au/. State Library of Queensland. 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ Bell, Jeanie P. (2003). A sketch grammar of the Badjala language of Gari (Fraser Island). The University of Melbourne.
External links[edit]
- Bibliography of Gabi Gabi people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Heritage of Kabi Kabi people - Sunshine Coast Tourism Information Centre
- Joyce Bonner digital story, State Library of Queensland. Digital story discussing the Badtjala dialect
- Eve Fesl digital story, State Library of Queensland. Digital story discussing the Gubbi Gubbi language
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