Range Rover Evoque

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Range Rover Evoque
2019 Range Rover Evoque R-Dynamic
Overview
Manufacturer
ProductionJuly 2011 – present
Body and chassis
ClassSubcompact luxury crossover SUV (C)[1][2][3]
Layout
Chronology
PredecessorLand Rover Freelander Sport (3-door version)

The Land Rover Range Rover Evoque, also known as the Range Rover Evoque, is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV developed and produced by Jaguar Land Rover under their Land Rover marque. The original Evoque was a development of the Land Rover LRX concept vehicle, which was unveiled at the North American International Auto Show in January 2008.[4] The first generation Evoque was produced from July 2011 until 2018 in three and five-door versions, with both two-wheel and four-wheel drive. The second generation of the car went into production in 2018.

First generation (L538; 2011)[edit]

First generation (L538)
Overview
ProductionJuly 2011 – 2018
Model years2012 – 2018
Assembly
DesignerGerry McGovern (2006, 2008)
Body and chassis
Body style
PlatformJLR D8[5]
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 6–speed Getrag M66EH50 manual
  • 6-Speed Ford Aisin AW F-21 (Aisin Warner TF-81SC) automatic with CommandShift manual shift mode
  • 9-speed ZF 9HP automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,660 mm (104.7 in)[6]
Length4,371 mm (172.1 in)[6]
Width1,900 mm (74.8 in)[7]
Height3-door: 1,605 mm (63.2 in)[6]
5-door: 1,635 mm (64.4 in)[6]
Kerb weight1,595–1,700 kg (3,516–3,748 lb)

Development[edit]

The Land Rover LRX Concept in 2008

The size of the LRX concept vehicle complemented a wide array of efficiency-improving technologies in the form of Land Rover's e_Terrain technologies. These included biofuel compatibility, lightweight construction materials, and technologies such as the removable carbon composite roof panels, regenerative brakes, a stop-start system, along with the ERAD (electric rear axle drive) parallel hybrid powertrain system.[8]

ERAD system[edit]

Land Rover LRX Concept

The ERAD system could propel the LRX to speeds up to 20 mph (32 km/h) before the engine was started by an integrated starter generator as part of the stop-start system. ERAD was designed to reduce CO2 emissions by an average of 20% under the NEDC test cycle and was expected to offer another 10% reduction in extra-urban driving situations while also optimizing the off-road ability of the vehicle. Land Rover aimed to achieve 120 g/km CO2 emissions and fuel economy of 60 mpg‑imp (4.7 L/100 km; 50 mpg‑US) on the European combined cycle with an efficient 2.2-litre turbodiesel engine based on PSA DW12.[9] The engine would become the only four-cylinder vehicle in the Range Rover lineup.

Terrain Response System[edit]

The Terrain Response system was also included offering sport and eco modes in addition to the existing grass, gravel, snow, and sand modes. Typical Land Rover design traits aim at improving off-road performance included a prominent driving position, hill descent control, and useful approach and departure angles. A Land Rover first was an air intake system integrated into the roof that offered exceptional wading capabilities, though this feature did not make it to the production model. Land Rover's Range Rover styling was visually apparent in the form of the clamshell bonnet, the 'floating' roof, dual-pocket headlamps, and raked roof line.

Interior[edit]

Interior design improvements also changed in the LRX concept, though the interior of the production Evoque changed significantly from the concept LRX. Notable interior features in the LRX included ambient interior lighting that changed according to Terrain Response settings, and vehicle data that were presented to the driver through a 'floating' three-dimensional LCD. An aluminum center console with an iPhone docking station stretched the length of the cabin, separating the four seats and the tailgate. Seats with open frameworks were used to give the impression of an airy interior, while also creating useful under-seat and under-floor stowage areas. Electric motors folded the rear seats forward, providing enough room for two mountain bikes to be fitted upright, with front wheels removed and stored in dedicated slots in the floor.[9]

Market entry[edit]

Five-door
Three-door

The car was launched as two distinct models (later three models for 2017): the five-door Evoque, the three-door Evoque Coupé, and the Convertible Evoque (launched as a 2017 model). The Coupé model was later discontinued after the 2017 model year, while the five-door and Convertible models remained in production until the 2018 model year.

The production-model Evoque retained nearly identical bodywork from the LRX concept vehicle, including the cabin-length panoramic sun roof. No hybrid power train is currently being offered.

There were originally three trim levels available with each trim level having two variants as follows: — "Pure", "Pure Tech", "Prestige", "Prestige Lux", "Dynamic" and "Dynamic Lux".[10] Land Rover markets the Pure as the minimalist version rather than the "base model", while the Prestige adds luxury options and the Dynamic focuses more on performance.

Body[edit]

The Evoque uses unibody rather than body on frame construction with a kerb weight of 1,670 kg (3,680 lb) and an aluminium bonnet and roof, as well as a composite one-piece tailgate.[11]

The Evoque comes in 12 different body colours with three optional contrasting roof colours and five optional wheel choices, though Land Rover offers a "designers choice" of predetermined combinations on most models. The Dynamic model incorporates more aggressive bodywork including a different front fascia and lowered suspension.[12]

The Evoque can be equipped with five exterior cameras.

Engines[edit]

Three engine options were originally available for the Evoque: two 2.2-litre turbodiesels producing either 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp), or 190 PS (140 kW; 187 bhp), and a 2-litre 240 PS (177 kW; 237 bhp) turbocharged petrol engine.[11]

Land Rover revealed the Evoque with a 9-speed automatic transmission during the Geneva Motor Show. This new automatic transmission is developed by ZF Friedrichshafen. In addition, the 9-speed automatic transmission's first gear is specially designed for off-road conditions, towing, and adverse on-road conditions. Further, the first gear of a 9-speed automatic transmission is much lower than the first gear of a six-speed automatic. Land Rover did not reveal any further technical details about the new automatic transmission.[13]

Land Rover since have developed their own branded Ingenium engine to adhere to EU6 emissions regulations. Three 2-litre variants are available: eD4 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp) turbodiesel two-wheel drive manual gearbox, or TD4 180 PS (132 kW; 178 bhp) permanent four-wheel drive 9-speed automatic, and a 2-litre Si4 240 PS (177 kW; 237 bhp) turbocharged petrol permanent four-wheel drive 9-speed automatic.

Fuel economy[edit]

The manufacturer's fuel-economy estimates for the 2.2-litre diesel engine with manual transmission are 47.1 miles per imperial gallon (6.00 L/100 km; 39.2 mpg‑US) urban and 56.5 miles per imperial gallon (5.00 L/100 km; 47.0 mpg‑US) combined, with CO2 emissions of 133 g/km.[6]

For the 2.0-litre petrol engine with automatic transmission, the figures are 23.7 miles per imperial gallon (11.9 L/100 km; 19.7 mpg‑US) urban and 32.5 miles per imperial gallon (8.7 L/100 km; 27.1 mpg‑US) combined, with 199 g/km CO2.[6]

United States Environmental Protection Agency fuel-economy estimates have been stated as being 19 miles per US gallon (12 L/100 km; 23 mpg‑imp) in the city and 28 miles per US gallon (8.4 L/100 km; 34 mpg‑imp) on highways for the 2-litre petrol version.[14]

Off-road performance[edit]

The Evoque has 215 mm (8.5 in) of ground clearance, 25° approach and 33° departure angles, and a 500 mm (19.7 in) wading depth.[6][better source needed]

The Evoque was equipped with either two-wheel drive or a generation IV Haldex permanent four-wheel drive system until the 2014 model year update when the Haldex system was replaced by two optional All-Wheel Drive Systems (Standard Driveline or Active Driveline) by GKN Driveline. The Evoque also comes standard with Land Rover's latest version of Terrain Response, which maximises traction in a variety of conditions by altering throttle response, power distribution, and suspension settings. The Terrain Response system also includes electronic stability control, roll stability control, traction control, and an optional hill-descent control that automatically applies braking to control speed when moving down an incline.[6]

A third-generation MagneRide suspension system is also available, which works by magnetising iron particles inside the suspension fluid to quickly adapt shock absorber firmness to road changes.[15]

Interior[edit]

Interior

Standard equipment includes accent lighting located throughout the interior, push button start and a 5–inch driver's information display.

Options include a panoramic fixed sunroof; heated seating, steering wheel, and windscreen wipers; and an 8–inch touch screen entertainment system that can display separate images to both the driver and front passenger.

There are 12 interior color choices, various wood and metal trims and three optional contrasting roof treatments.[12][16]

Safety[edit]

The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) awarded the Evoque a five–star car safety rating, earning the following ratings for each criterion. The tested model was a right-hand drive, five-door with a 2.2 diesel engine registered in 2011:

Euro NCAP test results
Range Rover Evoque (2011)[17]
Test Points %
Overall:
Adult occupant: 31 86%
Child occupant: 37 75%
Pedestrian: 15 41%
Safety assist: 6 86%

The Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) rated the Evoque four out of five stars for crash safety, scoring 32.49 out of 37. This score takes into account the 12.39 out of 16 rating in the frontal offset crash test, and the score of 16 out of 16 received for the side impact test.[18]

ANCAP test results
Range Rover Evoque (2011)[19]
Test Points %
Overall:
Frontal Offset 12.39 77.4
Side Impact 16.00 100
Pole 2.00 100
Pedestrian marginal

Update, editions and variant[edit]

2014 model year update (2013–2018)[edit]

Range Rover Evoque HSE (Facelift)
Interior (Facelift)

Changes include: ZF-9HP automatic gearbox, new driver assistance and convenience features (Park Exit (to automatically exit parallel parking bays), Perpendicular Park (to position the car centrally in parking bays), Closing Vehicle Sensing and Reverse Traffic Detection (to warn drivers of oncoming traffic), Lane Departure Warning, Traffic Sign Recognition and Wade Sensing), optional Land Rover InControl connected car system, new colour options for the interior, four new alloy wheel styles, a new style of Land Rover badge on the grille, wheel centers and tailgate.

A new compared to previous years is the optional Land Rover Active Driveline on-demand four-wheel drive system, which is manufactured by GKN Driveline. The Active Driveline system works by disconnecting all of the major all wheel drive components from the gearbox, rather than at the central coupling. The system also features torque vectoring to direct power to individual wheels. GKN Driveline also supplies the all-wheel drive system for the Standard Driveline thus replacing the Haldex system.[20]

Early models include a choice of three engines (2.2 diesel 150PS engine, 2.2 diesel 190PS engine or 2.0 Petrol 240PS engine). Active Driveline became initially available on Si4 petrol engine.

UK models went on sale in Q4 2013.[21]

Range Rover Evoque Autobiography Dynamic (2013–2018)[edit]

Available in coupé or 5-door body styles, it is a version of the Range Rover Evoque with a 285PS/400Nm 2.0-litre petrol engine, revised chassis for sharper handling, 350mm front brake discs, Land Rover InControl Apps, forged 20-inch alloy wheels in satin technical grey, exterior trim components detailed in Santorini black, new design of grille, lower front valance, new fog light surrounds, 'Autobiography' illuminated tread plates, ingot badging on the tailgate and front wing vents, darkened headlights, clear tail lamps, Santorini black contrast roof, body-colour side trim visually lowers the vehicle a dynamic plus leather interior with either sports or premium climate seats in a range of four colours, Autobiography embossed logo at front seats, dashboard with dark brushed aluminium trim, Active driveline and torque vectoring by braking.

Range Rover Evoque Pearl Noir Edition (2014–2018)[edit]

The Pearl Noir Special Edition is a version of the Range Rover Evoque for the Hong Kong market, with a 2-litre Si4 (240PS) engine, ZF 9-speed automatic transmission, 8-inch touch screen, Meridian audio system, leather interior upholstery, Panoramic roof, 20-inch Style 9 alloy wheels in matte black, Xenon headlamps with black lamp shade, black exhaust tip, black rear diffuser, black interior and gold body colour.[22][23][24][25]

Range Rover Evoque Convertible (2017–2018)[edit]

Front view
Rear view

Based on the three-door Evoque Coupé, it has four seats, a power-retractable soft top roof, 20-inch wheels. The Evoque's hatchback has been replaced with a drop-down tailgate. Land Rover has stated that: "The new convertible body has been achieved with minimum changes to weight and torsional rigidity. Land Rover has also stated that the Convertible Concept is as off-road ready as the regular Evoque.[26] The vehicle was unveiled in 2012 at the Geneva Motor Show.[21] After debuting as the 2012 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque Convertible Concept, the production version was revealed in November 2015, while the model years start from 2017.

Land Rover design chief, Gerry McGovern said "It’s the first luxury SUV convertible. There have been other convertible SUVs, but not a luxury execution. We’ll take buyers from other luxury cars. Most Evoque customers came from premium brands, but had never owned an SUV before".[27]

Production[edit]

On 11 March 2009, the British government announced a £27 million grant to Land Rover to produce an all-new model, subject to the conditions that the Evoque would be manufactured at the Jaguar Land Rover Halewood assembly facility in Liverpool.

Production of the Evoque started on 4 July 2011, at Land Rover's Halewood manufacturing plant in Liverpool, with the first customer deliveries in September.[28][21] The Evoque platform, named LR-MS, is loosely based on the Ford EUCD platform (which was used on the company's Freelander 2) but 90% of its parts were redesigned.[29]

The British Motor Industry Heritage Trust was given the first vehicle off the line to add to their collection, held at the Heritage Motor Centre in Gaydon,[28] but Land Rover ambassador Zara Phillips became the first person to take delivery of a new Range Rover Evoque.[21]

Reception[edit]

Prior to going on sale in September 2011, Land Rover had 18,000 pre-orders for the Evoque. By July 2012, a year after production began, the company had sold 80,000 units.[30] Land Rover later revealed that they had sold nearly 90,000 units.

Since its launch the Evoque has received acclaim from the automotive press including several "best of" awards. The popular British car show Top Gear, view the Evoque as the softening of the Land Rover image, though Top Gear were impressed with the Evoque's off-road capabilities.[31] Motor Trend contends that the Evoque is the necessary evolution of the Land Rover brand to stay competitive in a more environmentally conscious marketplace.[32]

The Evoque has been awarded several national and international awards including:

Criticism has been made of the Evoque's voice interface and the entertainment system's touchscreen.[41]

Chinese copy controversy[edit]

In November 2014, Chinese automotive joint-venture company Landwind officially revealed the Landwind X7 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, which shares major resemblance to the Evoque. JLR complained to authorities in order to try to stop its production. The authorities first did nothing to support Land Rover, but on 22 March 2019, after four years of sales, a Chinese court ruled that Landwind had copied five unique design elements and ordered a cease of production and sales immediately, in addition to paying Jaguar Land Rover compensation.[42]

Second generation (L551; 2018)[edit]

Second generation (L551)[43]
Overview
Production2018 – present
Model years2019 – present
AssemblyUnited Kingdom: Halewood
China: Changshu (Chery Jaguar Land Rover)
India: Pune (Jaguar Land Rover Pune Operations)
Brazil: Itatiaia (Jaguar Land Rover Brazil)
DesignerGerry McGovern
Phil Simmons
Body and chassis
Body style5-door SUV
PlatformJLR PTA[44]
Related
Powertrain
Engine
Electric motor
Transmission
Battery15 kWh Lithium ion (PHEV)
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,681 mm (105.6 in)
  • 2,841 mm (111.9 in) (long-wheelbase)
Length
  • 4,371 mm (172.1 in)
  • 4,531 mm (178.4 in) (long-wheelbase)
Width1,904 mm (75.0 in)
Height1,649 mm (64.9 in)
Kerb weight
  • 1,787–1,955 kg (3,940–4,310 lb)
  • 2,005–2,010 kg (4,420–4,431 lb) (long-wheelbase)

The second generation Evoque was revealed at an event in London on 22 November 2018.[46]

Engines at launch are diesels in 150 bhp FWD and 180 and 240 bhp AWD, and AWD petrols in 200, 250 and 300 bhp.[47] The second-generation Evoque adopts Land Rover's new design language that was launched with the Velar in 2017. This includes retracting door handles, smoother surfacing, and a new infotainment system with a second touchscreen with integrated knobs for climate settings. In some countries, the Evoque is also available with 1.5t 3 cylinder non-PHEV engine called "P160".

The Evoque P300e plug-in hybrid model is a combination of a 1.5-litre 3-cylinder turbocharged Ingenium petrol engine and an electric motor on the rear axle, with a system output of 227 kW (304 hp; 309 PS) and 55.06 kg⋅m (540 N⋅m; 398 lbf⋅ft) of torque.[48] The 15 kWh lithium-ion battery pack is claimed to deliver an all-electric range of up to 66 km (41 mi).[48]

A China-exclusive long-wheelbase version was revealed at an event in Shanghai on 15 June 2021.[49]

Worldwide sales[edit]

2011 represented only a partial year of sales as it was released later in the year, amounting to 10% of total Land Rover sales worldwide. For 2012 and 2013, the Evoque achieved nearly 36% of total Land Rover sales.

Year Sales
2011 22,710
2012 108,598
2013 124,292
2014 125,364
2015 108,620
2016 112,461
2017 114,373
2018 98,501
2019 68,200
Total 883,119
Source:[50]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "2023 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque". U.S.News Cars.
  2. ^ "2023 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque". Car and Driver.
  3. ^ "2022 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque". Edmunds.
  4. ^ "Land Rover to Begin Production of LRX". Al-Kadi Automotive Center. 29 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011.
  5. ^ Siu, Jason (21 January 2015). "Evoque, Discovery Sport Performance Models Possible » AutoGuide.com News". Autoguide.com. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Range Rover Evoque". Land Rover. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  7. ^ "Range Rover Evoque". Jaguarlandrover. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  8. ^ "Land Rover's Diesel ERAD Hybrid & e_TERRAIN TECHNOLOGIES". Automobiles Review. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
  9. ^ a b "The Land Rover Center". The Land Rover Center. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
  10. ^ "New Range Rover Evoque - Iconic Compact SUV - Land Rover UK". www.landrover.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  11. ^ a b Evans, Scott (December 2011). "Range Rover Evoque driven". Motor Trend.
  12. ^ a b Siler, Steve (4 March 2011). "2012 Range Rover Evoque to Offer Plenty of Customization Options". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  13. ^ Padeanu, Adrian. "Range Rover Evoque to get 9-speed automatic transmission". World Car Fans. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  14. ^ "Land Rover Prices Evoque Crossover". Automoblog.net. 2 July 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  15. ^ Udy, Jason (18 May 2011). "Range Rover Evoque will Offer Latest Version of MagneRide Optional". Truck Trend. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  16. ^ Joseph, Noah (15 July 2011). "2012 Land Rover Range Rover Evoque - A small Range Rover with a big mission". Autoblog. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  17. ^ "Range Rover Evoque (Euro NCAP)". Retrieved 17 August 2012. Report
  18. ^ Beissmann, Tim (17 December 2010). "Range Rover Evoque 2011 - ANCAP Review & Crash Test". NRMA Motoring & Servicing. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
  19. ^ "Range Rover Evoque 2011 - ANCAP Review & Crash Test". ANCAP Safety. 17 December 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  20. ^ "GKN Driveline helps the 2014 Range Rover Evoque achieve greater agility with superior fuel economy". Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  21. ^ a b c d "JLR Corporate Homepage International". media.jaguarlandrover.com. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  22. ^ "Price List". Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  23. ^ "Range Rover Evoque Pearl Noir Special Edition 首配九前速 - 東方日報". orientaldaily.on.cc. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  24. ^ "車訊:(Range Rover Evoque)香港首部 9速波箱駕臨". Apple Daily 蘋果日報. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  25. ^ "初試九前速Range Rover Evoque Pearl Noir Special Edition". 太陽報. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  26. ^ Hardy, Sam (6 March 2012). "Range Rover Evoque Convertible". Auto Express. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  27. ^ Kew, Ollie (16 November 2015). "Q&A: Land Rover's design chief explains the Evoque Convertible". Top Gear. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  28. ^ a b "Range Rover Evoque production starts". Auto Express. Dennis Publishing. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  29. ^ Bickerstaffe, Simon (11 May 2011). "Range Rover Evoque". European Automotive Engineers Cooperation (EAEC). Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  30. ^ "Land Rover celebrates one year of Range Rover Evoque production". Automotive Council UK. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  31. ^ James May (5 October 2011). "Range Rover Evoque on Top Gear - Range Rover USA". Top Gear. Retrieved 23 November 2011.[dead YouTube link]
  32. ^ Evans, Scott (December 2011). "2012 Motor Trend SUV of the Year: Land Rover Range Rover Evoque". Motor Trend. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
  33. ^ "Hyundai Elantra, Land Rover Range Rover Evoque Win 2012 North American Car and Truck of the Year". North American Car of the Year. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  34. ^ "The Range Rover Evoque has been crowned World Design Car of the Year 2012". Land Rover. Archived from the original on 1 June 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  35. ^ Elmer, Stephen (17 April 2012). "Range Rover Evoque Named Women's World Car of the Year for 2012". AutoGuide. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  36. ^ "Best of the Best/Truck: Land Rover Range Rover Evoque". AutoWeek. 62 (1). Detroit, MI: Crain Communications Inc.: 20–21. 9 January 2012. ISSN 0192-9674.
  37. ^ "2012 Motor Trend SUV of the Year: Land Rover Range Rover Evoque". Motor Trend. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  38. ^ "Car of the Year:Range Rover Evoque". Auto Express. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  39. ^ "Range Rover Evoque Awards". Land Rover. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  40. ^ "2010 Car Design News Awards". Car Design News. Retrieved 1 March 2011.
  41. ^ Walsh, Jonathan (17 August 2012). "Range Rover Evoque: Loved For, Not Function". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
  42. ^ Karkafiris, Michael (22 March 2019). "Land Rover Finally Wins Case Against Chinese Evoque Clone". Carscoops. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  43. ^ "New Range Rover Evoque brochure" (PDF). Land Rover. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  44. ^ Attwood, James (21 May 2019). "New Land Rover Discovery Sport receives interior overhaul and electrified power". Autocar. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  45. ^ "Pricing and Specifications - New Range Rover Evoque 2019 - Land Rover UK". Land Rover UK. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  46. ^ McIlroy, John (23 November 2018). "New 2019 Range Rover Evoque on sale now: prices, specs and full details". Auto Express. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  47. ^ "This is the new Range Rover Evoque | Top Gear". 22 November 2018.
  48. ^ a b Sagar (4 May 2020). "Range Rover Evoque & Discovery Sport plug-in for 62+ km EV range". autodevot.com. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  49. ^ "预售39.00万起 路虎揽胜极光L正式亮相". Autohome (in Chinese). 15 June 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  50. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[edit]