Samajwadi Party
The Samajwadi Party (abbr. SP; translation: Socialist Party, founded 4 October 1992) is a socialist political party in India. It was founded by formerly Janata Dal politicians Mulayam Singh Yadav and Beni Prasad Verma and is headquartered in New Delhi. The Samajwadi Party is currently led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav. He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow.[15][16][17]
While the party is largely based in Uttar Pradesh,[18] it has its definite presence in many other states as well. The party has been the ruling power in the state of Uttar Pradesh for four terms – three times under Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav, the fourth and most recent being Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav's full majority government in the 2012-2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. The coalition of the party and its alliance partners SP+ has one of the largest vote bases in the state of Uttar Pradesh in terms of the collective voting pattern in the state-based electoral system, with more than 37% vote share in the 2022 elections.[19][20]
History[edit]
The Samajwadi Party was one of several parties that emerged when Janata Dal fragmented into several regional parties.[21] The party was founded by Mulayam Singh Yadav and Beni Prasad Verma in 1992.[22][23] Created just months before the Babri Masjid demolition, the party rose to power by playing secular politics. The support of its key voters, other backward classes and Muslims helped the party become a major political force in Uttar Pradesh.[24] The state government, shot at karsevaks using helicopters to save mosque.[25] According to a video journalist who was caught in the firing, the police were shooting unarmed Hindus at point blank range.[26]
In West Bengal, the West Bengal Socialist Party of Kiranmoy Nanda merged with the SP in 2010. The Samajwadi Party is now led by former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav.
He was chosen as the President for the first time in an Emergency meeting in 2017. He was chosen for second time in 2017 at Agra Convention of Samajwadi Party. He was chosen for the third time at the party's national convention held in September 2022 at Lucknow,[15][16][17] after he was chosen as the President at the party's national convention held on 1 January 2017.
The party have contested Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections around the country, but by far the bulk of its victories have been in Uttar Pradesh. In the 2012 legislative assembly elections of Uttar Pradesh, SP registered a landslide victory with a clear majority in the house, thus enabling it to form a government in the state. This was expected to be the fifth term of Mulayam Singh Yadav as Chief Minister of state, but he selected his son, Akhilesh Yadav instead. This became official on 15 March. It was also the first time that SP was head of the UP government for a full term of five years.[27][28] However, the party suffered a landslide defeat in the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, slumping to only 47 seats as the Bharatiya Janata Party swept to victory.
National Convention of January 2017[edit]
In a National Convention held on 1 January 2017, called by Ram Gopal Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav was appointed as president of the Party for 5 years.[29]
Position in state and national politics[edit]
Alliance[edit]
The Samajwadi Party provided outside support to the United Progressive Alliance government up to the fourteenth general election. After the fourteenth general election, its support became unnecessary when the UPA became the largest alliance. It contested the 2009 general election in alliance with the Rashtriya Janata Dal and the Lok Janshakti Party of Bihar.[30]
In April 2014, the Save Indian Family Foundation encouraged voters to support the Samajwadi Party or vote None of the above because they had said they opposed the alleged misuse of gender bias laws.[31]
In the last general election, the Samajwadi Party was defeated by the BJP in Uttar Pradesh though allying with Bahujan Samaj Party.[32] It is currently the thirteenth largest party in parliament.[33] In the general elections of 2019, it won only five seats, while the Indian National Congress gained 52 seats and the Bharatiya Janata Party obtained a clear mandate with 303 seats.
Recently, Samajwadi Party joined the newly formed Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance formed as an umbrella alliance of opposition parties in India.[34][35][36]
Presence in state assemblies[edit]
The SP has two MLAs each in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and one newly elected MLA in the 2022 Gujarat assembly election.
Samajwadi Prahari and Samajwadi Sanwad[edit]
The Samajwadi Party has front line campaigning groups.[37] Ongoing debate on party policy comes from many of their leaders. Among them are:
- Chhatra Sabha Sanwad
- Yuvjan Sabha Sanwad
- Samajwadi prahari Sanwad
- Mulayam Singh Youth Brigade Sanwad
- Lohiya Vahini Sanwad
- Shikshak Sabha Sanwad
- Vyapar Sabha Sanwad
- Adhivakta Sabha Sanwad
- Ambedkar Vahini Samwad
Electoral performances[edit]
Lok sabha elections[edit]
Lok Sabha Term | Lok Sabha | Seats contested | Seats won | % of votes | State (seats) | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11th Lok Sabha | 1996 | 111 | 16 | 3.3% | Uttar Pradesh (16) | [38] |
12th Lok Sabha | 1998 | 166 | 19 | 4.9% | Uttar Pradesh (19) | [39] |
13th Lok Sabha | 1999 | 151 | 26 | 3.8% | Uttar Pradesh (26) | [40] |
14th Lok Sabha | 2004 | 237 | 36 | 4.3% | Uttar Pradesh (35) Uttarakhand (1) |
[41] |
15th Lok Sabha | 2009 | 193 | 23 | 3.4% | Uttar Pradesh (23) | [42] |
16th Lok Sabha | 2014 | 197 | 5 | 3.4% | Uttar Pradesh (5) | [43] |
17th Lok Sabha | 2019 | 49 | 5 | 2.6% | Uttar Pradesh (5) | [44] |
Assembly elections[edit]
Vidhan Sabha Term | UP elections | Seats contested | Seats won | % of votes | Party Votes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly | ||||||
12th Vidhan Sabha | 1993 | 256 | 109 | 17.94 | 8,963,697 | [45] |
13th Vidhan Sabha | 1996 | 281 | 110 | 21.80 | 12,085,226 | [46] |
14th Vidhan Sabha | 2002 | 390 | 143 | 25.37 | 13,612,509 | [47] |
15th Vidhan Sabha | 2007 | 393 | 97 | 25.43 | 13,267,674 | [48] |
16th Vidhan Sabha | 2012 | 401 | 224 | 29.15 | 22,107,241 | [49] |
17th Vidhan Sabha | 2017 | 311 | 47 | 21.82 | 18,923,689 | [50] |
18th Vidhan Sabha | 2022 | 347 | 111 | 32.06 | 29,543,934 | [51] |
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly | ||||||
11th Vidhan Sabha | 1998 | 228 | 4 | 1.58 | 4,19,626 | [52] |
12th Vidhan Sabha | 2003 | 161 | 7 | 3.71 | 9,46,891 | [53] |
13th Vidhan Sabha | 2008 | 187 | 1 | 1.90 | 5,01,324 | [54] |
14th Vidhan Sabha | 2013 | 161 | 0 | 1.2 | 4,04,853 | [55] |
15th Vidhan Sabha | 2018 | 52 | 1 | 1.3 | 4,96,025 | [56] |
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly | ||||||
9th Vidhan Sabha | 1995 | 22 | 3 | 0.93 | 3,56,731 | [57] |
10th Vidhan Sabha | 1999 | 15 | 2 | 0.7 | 2,27,640 | [58] |
11th Vidhan Sabha | 2004 | 95 | 0 | 1.13 | 4,71,425 | [59] |
12th Vidhan Sabha | 2009 | 31 | 4 | 1.11 | 3,37,378 | [60] |
13th Vidhan Sabha | 2014 | 22 | 1 | 0.17 | 92,304 | [61] |
14th Vidhan Sabha | 2019 | 7 | 2 | 0.22 | 1,23,267 | [62] |
List of chief ministers[edit]
No. | Name Constituency |
Term of office[63][64] | Tenure length | Party[a] | Assembly[65] (Election) |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mulayam Singh Yadav Jaswantnagar |
4 December 1993 | 3 June 1995 | 1 year, 181 days | Samajwadi Party | Twelfth Assembly (1993–95) (1993 election) |
[66] |
(1) | Mulayam Singh Yadav Gunnaur |
29 August 2003 | 13 May 2007 | 3 years, 257 days | Samajwadi Party | Fourteenth Assembly (2002–07) (2002 election) |
[66] |
2 | Akhilesh Yadav MLC |
15 March 2012 | 19 March 2017 | 5 years, 4 days | Samajwadi Party | Sixteenth Assembly (2012–17) (2012 election) |
[67] |
- ^ This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he or she heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.
List of central ministers[edit]
No. | Name | Term of office | Portfolio | Prime Minister | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mulayam Singh Yadav | 1 June 1996 | 19 March 1998 | Minister of Defence | H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |
2 | Janeshwar Mishra | 10 July 1996 | May 1997 | Minister of Water Resources | H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |
3 | Beni Prasad Verma | 1 June 1996 | 19 March 1998 | Minister of Communications and Information Technology | H. D. Deve Gowda I. K. Gujral | |
4 | Saleem Iqbal Shervani[68] | May 1997 | 19 March 1998 | Minister of External Affairs(M.O.S.) | I.K. Gujral |
Prominent members[edit]
- Mulayam Singh Yadav, founder and former President of Samajwadi Party, former Defence minister of India and former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[69][70][71]
- Akhilesh Yadav, President of Samajwadi Party and former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.[72][73]
- Beni Prasad Verma, founder and former Union Cabinet Minister of India[74]
- Azam Khan, Member of Parliament, 9 time MLA, Member of Parliament Loksabha Rampur former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh and former Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh.[75][76]
- Janeshwar Mishra, founder and former cabinet minister
- Shivpal Singh Yadav, Former State President of Samajwadi Party, Member of Legislative Assembly from Jaswantnagar - 6th term, Former Cabinet Minister(UP Govt.), Former Leader of Opposition
- Anantram Jaiswal former Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Minister and Samajwadi Ideologist, Founding member
- Kiranmoy Nanda, Vice President of Samajwadi Party
- Naresh Uttam Patel, current Uttar Pradesh State president of Samajwadi Party.[77]
- Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and Rajya Sabha MP from Uttar Pradesh.[78]
- Ram Govind Chaudhary, Leader of opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly.[79]
- Indrajit Saroj, National General Secretary, Deputy Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly[80]
- Balram Yadav, 5 times elected as Member of Legislative Assembly from Atraulia Assembly constituency and 3 times as Member of Legislative Council, Former Cabinet Minister (UP Govt.), He is prominent leader in purvanchal( Eastern Uttar Pradesh).
- Sanjay Lathar, Leader of Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council.
- Abu Asim Azmi, Samajwadi Party Maharashtra state President, Member of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and former Member of Rajya Sabha.
- Mohan Singh, former Member of Parliament Rajya Sabha
- Harendra Singh Malik, former MP Rajya Sabha, prominent Jat leader from Western Uttar Pradesh.
- Pankaj Kumar Malik, MLA from Charthawal Assembly Seat.
- Vishambhar Prasad Nishad, Samajwadi Party General Secretary, Rajya Sabha MP, former Member of Lok Sabha, and former Cabinet Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
- Balwant Singh Ramoowalia, Prominent Sikh leader and former cabinet minister of Uttar Pradesh.
- Anand Singh, leader, ex 5 time MP and MLA from Gonda district, and former Cabinet Minister of Agriculture from Uttar Pradesh Government, under Akhilesh Yadav from 2012 to 2014.
State leadership[edit]
- Abu Asim Azmi: Maharashtra
- Naresh Uttam Patel: Uttar Pradesh
- Ramayan Singh Patel: Madhya Pradesh
- Satyanarayan Sachan: Uttarakhand
- Manjappa Yadav: Karnataka
- Devendra Upadhyaya: Gujarat
- Manas Bhattacharya: West Bengal
- Mukesh Yadav: Rajasthan
- Sukhvinder Singh: Punjab
- Dr Saji Pothen Thomas: Kerala
- B Jagadeesh Yadav: Andhra Pradesh
- Om Prakash Sahu:Chhattisgarh
Controversies and Criticism[edit]
The Samajwadi Party has a history of political corruption, casteism, criminal links, and playing appeasement politics. Several leaders have also been criticized for insensitive comments on serious matters.
Comments on Rape[edit]
The crime of rape became a capital offence in India following the 2012 Delhi gang rape incident; Mulayam Singh Yadav had opposed changing this law. Following the trial in the Shakti Mills gang rape, on 10 April 2014, in an election rally, Yadav said, "When boys and girls have differences, the girl gives a statement that 'the boy raped me,' and that poor boy gets a death sentence."[81] Referring to the Mumbai gang rape he stated, "... later they had differences, and the girl went and gave a statement that I have been raped. And then the poor fellows, three of them have been sentenced to death. Should rape cases lead to hanging? Boys are boys, they make mistakes. Two or three have been given the death sentence in Mumbai."[82] Following this, complaints were filed against Yadav with the Election Commission and the National Commission for Women (NCW).[82] His comments were denounced by the Indian media,[81] women's groups, women's rights activists,[83][84] public prosecutor in the Shakti Mills gang rape case Ujjwal Nikam, and several prominent personalities.[85]On 19 August 2015, Yadav made another comment that gang-rapes are impractical and rape-victims in those cases tend to lie.[86] He was summoned by the Judicial Magistrate of Mahoba district court in Uttar Pradesh for that remark.[87] Yadav was eventually labeled as a "Supporter of Rape and Rapists" for his comments.
Following the trial of the Shakti Mills rape case in Mumbai, SP Maharashtra chief Abu Azmi commented that, "Any woman if, whether married or unmarried, goes along with a man, with or without her consent, should be hanged. Rape is punishable by hanging in Islam. But here, nothing happens to women, only to men. Even the woman is guilty. Girls complain when someone touches them, and even when someone doesn't touch them. It becomes a problem then ... If rape happens with or without consent, it should be punished as prescribed in Islam." He also said, "See, I don't know what context he said it in. But, at times, the wrong people are awarded the death penalty. Boys do it in josh (Hindi: excitement), but what can I say in this? The death sentence should be given. I won't speak against Islam."[88] Azmi's comments were widely criticized in India.[89][90]
Corruption scandals and criminal links[edit]
The Samajwadi Party, during it's ruling from 2012-2017, was involved in the Uttar Pradesh sand mining scandal. A CBI probe revealed that Gayatri Prasad Prajapati, the state minister for mining, was accused of collaborating with the mining mafia. [91]Durga Shakti Nagpal, an IAS officer, led a massive operation to end illegal mining, which led to impounding of several vehicles and arrest of several illegal miners.[92][93] Nagpal was later suspended after she allegedly demolished a wall of an under-construction mosque in Kadalpur village, in the Rabupura area of Jewar, but the suspension was later revoked. [94] Gayatri Prasad Prajapati was convicted in 2021 in a rape case. [95]
See also[edit]
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External links[edit]
- Samajwadi Party
- 1992 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
- Democratic socialist parties in Asia
- Full member parties of the Socialist International
- Janata Parivar
- Left-wing parties
- Political parties established in 1992
- Populist parties
- Progressive Alliance
- Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance