Ê

Ê, ê (e-circumflex) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, found in Afrikaans, French, Friulian, Kurdish, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Welsh. It is used to transliterate Chinese, Persian, and Ukrainian.

Afrikaans
Ê is not considered a separate letter in Afrikaans but a variation of "E". The circumflex changes the pronunciation of "e" to be (or  if the succeeding consonant is either a dorsal or a liquid)

Chinese
In the Pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese, ê represents. It corresponds to Zhuyin ㄝ. The circumflex occurs only if ê is the only vowel in a syllable: ề ("eh!"). Without the circumflex, e as the only vowel represents : è  ("hungry"). Elsewhere, is written as a (after i or ü before n) or e (before or after another vowel), with the appropriate tone mark,: xiān  ("first"), xuǎn  ("to choose", noting that ü is written u after x), xué  ("to learn"), xièxie  ("thanks").

In Pe̍h-ōe-jī, ê is the fifth tone of e: ê (possessive, adjectival suffix).

French
Diacritics are not considered to be distinct letters of the French alphabet. In French, ê usually changes the pronunciation of e from /ə/ to /ɛ/. It is used instead of "è" for words that used to be written "es".

Friulian
Ê represents and.

Khmer
Ê is used in UNGEGN romanization system for Khmer to represent and, for example Khmêr (ខ្មែរ ) and Dângrêk Mountains (ដងរែក ).

Kurdish
Ê is the 7th letter of the Kurdish Kurmanji alphabet and represents /eː/.

Norwegian Nynorsk
In Nynorsk, ê is used to represent the reduction of the Old Norse sequence , similar to the use of ê for the historical sequence  in French. It is mostly used to differentiate words which otherwise would be spelled the same, e.g. vêr 'weather' and ver, imperative of 'to be'.

Persian
Ê is used in the Persian Latin (Rumi) alphabet, equivalent to ع.

Portuguese
In Portuguese, ê marks a stressed only in words whose stressed syllable is in an otherwise unpredictable location in the word: "pêssego" (peach). The letter, pronounced, can also contrast with é, pronounced , as in pé (foot).

Tibetan
Ê is used in Tibetan pinyin to represent, for example Gêrzê County.

Ukrainian
Ê is used in the ISO 9:1995 system of Ukrainian transliteration as the letter Є.

Vietnamese
Ê is the 9th letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents. In Vietnamese phonology, diacritics can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of ê:


 * Ề ề
 * Ể ể
 * Ễ ễ
 * Ế ế
 * Ệ ệ

Welsh
In Welsh, ê represents long stressed e if the vowel would otherwise be pronounced as short : llên  "literature", as opposed to llen  "curtain", or gêm  "game", as opposed to gem  "gem, jewel". That is useful for borrowed words with a final stress like apêl "appeal".

Other
In Popido, a fictitious dialect of Esperanto made by Manuel Halvelik for use in literature, ê represents. It is only used epenthetically to break consonant clusters, especially before grammatical suffixes.

Character mappings
Unicode encoded 5 pairs of precomposed characters (Ề / ề, Ể / ể, Ễ / ễ, Ế / ế, Ệ / ệ) for the five tones of ê in Vietnamese. Two pairs of the five (Ế / ế and Ề / ề) can also be used as the second and fourth tones of ê in Pinyin. The first and third tones of ê in Pinyin have to be represented by combining diacritical marks, like ê̄ (ê&amp;#772;) and ê̌ (ê&amp;#780;).