Ömerli, Mardin

Ömerli ( Masertê; معسرتي) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 458 km2, and its population is 13,740 (2022). It is located in the historical region of Tur Abdin.

In the town, there was a church of Saint George (Mor Cercis Kilisesi). The church of Saint George was later converted into a mosque.

Etymology
The Syriac name of the town is derived from "ma'ṣartā" ("wine-press" in Syriac).

History
Maʿsarteh is identified as the town of Madaranzu in Bit-Zamani, which was conquered by Ashurnasirpal II, King of Assyria, in 879 BC. It is later mentioned by Theophylact Simocatta and George of Cyprus as Matzaron (Ματζάρων, Mazarorum). The town was likely captured by a Sasanian army in 573 at the time of the siege of Dara, during the Roman-Sasanian War of 572-591, but was retaken and the fort was restored by the Roman commanders Theodore and Andrew in 587.

Maʿsarteh was part of the Syriac Orthodox diocese of the Monastery of Saint Abai until the death of its last bishop Isḥoq Ṣaliba in 1730, upon which the diocese was subsumed into the diocese of Mardin. German orientalist Eduard Sachau visited the town in 1880. Until the Assyrian genocide, the town was exclusively populated by Assyrians of the Syriac Orthodox Church. Survivors of the genocide fled to the Monastery of Saint Ananias.

After the Assyrian genocide, Assyrians from Maʿsarteh emigrated to Bethlehem and Jerusalem. In 1960, Maʿsarteh was officially renamed Ömerli, from the name of the Mhallami tribe Ömeryan. By 1989, all Assyrian families had fled the town, however, some later returned and, as of 2013, three Assyrian families inhabit the town.

Presently, the town mostly consist of Kurds and Mhallami. Of the two groups, the first ones to settle in the town were the Mhallamis who came from villages between Ömerli and Midyat such as Şenköy and Çavuşlu, while Kurds from the Bilikan tribe supposedly settled in the town due to blood feud. The Bilikan Kurds would become Arabophone over time and came to dominate local politics because of the size of their large families. They are plausibly the largest group in the town. 

Other groups in the town include Kurds from other tribes, Arabs, few Assyrians and Georgians, and civil servants of Turkish roots. 

According to the leaders of the Kurdish Omerkan (or Omeryan) tribe, who lives in the vicinity of the town, Ömerli had been under their rule for many years and considered the town to be in their territory. However, the town is not affiliated with any Kurdish tribe.

Politics
In 1925, the town became the seat of a bucak (subdistrict) of Savur, and was elevated to district in 1953. In January 2017 the towns mayor Süleyman Tekin was arrested. In the local elections of 2019, Hüsamettin Altındağ from the Justice and Development Party was elected mayor.

Composition
There are 46 neighbourhoods in Ömerli District. Three of these (Cumhuriyet, Şafak and Yenimahalle) form the central town (merkez) of Ömerli.


 * Akyokuş (Xirba Kermêt)
 * Alıçlı
 * Anıttepe
 * Beşikkaya (Fafê)
 * Çalışan (Zehnî)
 * Çatalyurt (Kurka Metîna)
 * Çayıralanı (Rekkê)
 * Çimenlik (Mercê)
 * Çınaraltı (Rissîn)
 * Cumhuriyet
 * Dönerdere
 * Duygulu (Yestê)
 * Fıstıklı (Xirbê Şêx Mehmûd)
 * Göllü (Golê)
 * Güzelağaç (Merzikan)
 * Harmankaya (Kewarex)
 * Havuzbaşı (Taqê)
 * İkipınar (Tere)
 * İkitepe (Kersivan)
 * Işıkdere (Mudê)
 * Kayabalı (Kermêtê)
 * Kayadere (Befewe)
 * Kayagöze (Xirbê Mamîte)
 * Kayaüstü
 * Kaynakkaya (Kudê)
 * Kocakuyu (Bêrtê)
 * Kocasırt (Şêxkir)
 * Kömürlü (Rişwanê)
 * Kovanlı (Mistînê)
 * Mutluca (Gewrik Sindî)
 * Ovabaşı (Metîna)
 * Öztaş (Xirbê Kevir)
 * Pınarcık (Xerzikê Erebo)
 * Şafak
 * Salihköy
 * Sivritepe (Xirbê Belik)
 * Sulakdere (Hecîya)
 * Taşgedik (Kafsenor)
 * Taşlıca (Xanê Sora)
 * Tavuklu (Xirbê Mirîşkê)
 * Tekkuyu (Marmarê)
 * Tokdere (Xaznê)
 * Topağaç (Xerab Reşk)
 * Ünsallı (Sada)
 * Yaylatepe
 * Yenimahalle

Notable people

 * Ḥanna Salmān (1914-1981), Assyrian author