Șor Party

The ȘOR Party (Partidul „ȘOR”, ) is a populist political party in Moldova. Known from its foundation in 1998 until October 2016 as the Socio-Political Movement "Equality" (Mișcarea social-politică „Ravnopravie”), the party holds Eurosceptic and Russophilic stances.

The party was banned in 2023 as "unconstitutional", but the ban was reversed in 2024.

History
The party was founded in 1998 by Moldovan politician Valerii Klimenco as the "Socio-Political Movement 'Equality'". At the 2005 Moldovan parliamentary election, the party won 2.8% of the popular vote but no seats. The party intended to participate to the 2014 Moldovan parliamentary election but later withdrew its list.

In 2015, the party decided to nominate Ilan Shor for Mayor of the town of Orhei. Shor, who was at that point in time under house arrest, won a majority of the votes in the first round of the election and subsequently became the leading figure within the party. In October 2016, Shor was elected president of the party, which was renamed Șor Party. In June 2017, the party President, Ilan Shor was sentenced to 7.5 years in jail for fraud. He broke house arrest and fled the country in 2019 whilst appealing the sentence. On 1 December 2018, the party joined the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe.

In December 2018, the party created a model collective farm based on its own election programme in the Orhei region, dubbing it the "Commune of Dreams".

At the 2019 Moldovan parliamentary election, the party won 8.32% of votes and received seven parliamentary mandates, entering parliament for the first time in its history. The party organized a Victory Day parade in Chișinău on 9 May 2019.

2022–2023 protests
The Șor Party was the main instigator of the 2022–2023 Moldovan protests.

Investigations into the party
On 8 November 2022, the Moldovan government requested the constitutional court to initiate proceedings for the outlawing of the party in Moldova, due to it allegedly promoting the interests of a foreign state (Russia) and harming the independence and sovereignty of the country.

On 13 April 2023, the appeal court doubled the sentence of party President Ilan Shor in a case linked to the theft of $1 billion in bank assets as well as money laundering, breach of trust, and fraud to 15 years in prison in absentia and froze his assets. Shor was living in Israel at the time of the court ruling after having fled Moldova in 2019. On 27 April 2023 a plenary session of the parliament voted to revoke Shor's parliamentary mandate. Shor appealed the decision to the Constitutional court but lost he appeal on 5 May 2023.

On 1 May 2023, the party's Vice President, Marina Tauber, was detained at the Chișinău International Airport while trying to leave the country for Israel via Turkey. She was arrested by the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office on charges of illegally funding the party.

In May 2023 an investigation was launched into a suspected case of bribery of voters by the Șor Party during the 2023 Gagauz gubernatorial election.

Controversies
On 19 June 2023, the Șor Party was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Moldova. Șor declared that the party will continue its activity and that it will contest in the next elections. Maria Zakharova, the spokeswoman of the Russian foreign ministry, said that the decision to declare the Sor Party unconstitutional contravened democratic principles. The court chairman Nicolae Roșca cited "an article in the constitution stating that parties must through their activities uphold political pluralism, the rule of law and the territorial integrity of Moldova." The current six serving MP's of the Șor Party being allowed to continue as independents.

On 31 July, the Moldovan parliament voted in favour of banning the leaders of the dissolved Șor Party – including Ilan Shor – from standing in elections for a period of five years. In October the Constitutional Court of Moldova ruled that Article 16 of the Electoral Code is unconstitutional and that former members of the Șor Party can stand for elections.

In August 2023 a clone party, called “ȘANSĂ” or Chance party, led by journalist Alexei Lungu was established. “ȘANSĂ” was deregistered as a political party two days before the local elections in November amid claims of using illegal funds from Russia.

This ruling was reversed in March 2024 by the Moldovan Supreme Court. Maia Sandu said she would "respect the ruling, but continue trying to ban its leaders."

Sanctions
On 26 October 2022, the Șor Party was sanctioned by the United States Department of Treasury over the association with Ilan Shor, who is also sanctioned.

Ideology
Party's 2019 programme introduced the following points:
 * Free universal health care.
 * Free education including higher education.
 * Increasing the size and scope of disability benefits, maternity benefits and retirement pensions.
 * The creation of modernised collective farms to work alongside the private sector.
 * Active state intervention in the spheres of infrastructure, transport, energy, communications, housing, pharmaceuticals, etc.
 * The nationalization of foreign-owned energy companies.
 * A commitment to law and order including both reinstating the death penalty for particularly dangerous criminals and addressing the underlying socioeconomic issues that may cause crime.
 * A commitment to Moldovan independence and military neutrality.

The opening paragraphs of the party's 2008 election programme stated that it viewed the average person's quality of life as superior under the Soviet Union when compared to modern times. It further stated that it viewed Moldova's alleged socio-economic problems as relating to Moldova's negative relationship with the Russian Federation. As of 2021, the party supported moving the capital to Orhei.

In June 2023

 * Ilan Shor – President
 * Valerii Klimenco – Honorary President; Member of the Chișinău Municipal Council
 * Maria Albot – Secretary-General
 * Marina Tauber – Vice President; MP