1270s in England

Events from the 1270s in England.

Incumbents

 * Monarch – Henry III (to 16 November 1272), Edward I

Events

 * 1270
 * April – Parliament levies a property tax to support the Eighth Crusade.
 * 9 September – William Chillenden elected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
 * 20 August – Prince Edward sets out on Lord Edward's crusade (the Ninth) with his wife Eleanor of Castile.
 * Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, donates to the Cistercian Hailes Abbey near Winchcombe in Gloucestershire (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the Blood of Christ, acquired in the Holy Roman Empire; this becomes such a magnet for pilgrimage that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.
 * Battle of Áth-an-Chip: The army of the Irish Kingdom of Connacht routs the English army near Carrick-on-Shannon.
 * 1271
 * 9 May – Prince Edward arrives in Acre, starting Lord Edward's crusade (the Ninth) against Mamluk sultan Baibars.
 * 1272
 * 12 May – Lord Edward's crusade is concluded by the Treaty of Caesarea.
 * June – an attempt is made on the life of Prince Edward at Acre; he kills the would-be assassin but receives a festering wound from a poisoned dagger.
 * Summer – Pope Gregory X sets aside the election of William Chilldenden to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
 * 24 September – Prince Edward leaves Acre for Sicily.
 * 11 October – Robert Kilwardby enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
 * 16 November – King Henry III dies; Prince Edward (at this time in Sicily) succeeds him as Edward I of England and is proclaimed king.
 * Court of Common Pleas established as a permanent body, and receives its first chief justice (Gilbert of Preston).
 * Worshipful Company of Cordwainers and Curriers granted rights to regulate the leather trade in the City of London; Fishmongers Company chartered.
 * 1273
 * Edward, making a protracted return from Sicily, visits Pope Gregory X and pays homage to Philip III of France.
 * 1274
 * 2 August – Edward I returns to England from his crusade.
 * 19 August – coronation of Edward I at Westminster Abbey.
 * August – Merton College, Oxford, receives its statutes, the first English university college to do so.
 * The Hundred Rolls are commissioned, enquiring into the rights of English landowners.
 * 1275
 * 22 April – Edward I's first parliament meets and passes the first Statute of Westminster, codifying the existing law in England, in 51 chapters of Norman French, and defining legal privileges.
 * May – Parliament imposes the first regular customs duty on wool and leather.
 * 11 September – an earthquake in southern England damages churches at Glastonbury and is felt across the country.
 * Llywelyn ap Gruffudd refuses to pay homage to Edward I; Llywelyn's proxy bride Eleanor de Montfort (Edward's cousin) is captured at sea off the south-west of England and held prisoner at Windsor Castle as a bargaining counter for Llywelyn's compliance.
 * Statute of the Jewry forbids Jews from charging interest on loans.
 * 1276
 * November – Edward I invades Wales.
 * Merton College, Oxford, is first recorded as having a collection of books, making its Library the world's oldest in continuous daily use.
 * 1277
 * 9 November – Treaty of Aberconwy by which Llywelyn was to retain control of Gwynedd in return for paying homage to England while Edward was to rule the remainder of Wales.
 * St George's Cross is first recorded in use as the national flag of England.
 * 1278
 * June or July – Robert Burnell elected to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
 * 7 August – Statute of Gloucester defines competences of local courts and establishes legal procedures for claiming a right to privileges.
 * 13 October – the King allows his cousin Eleanor de Montfort to marry Llywelyn ap Gruffudd at Worcester Cathedral.
 * 17 November – all Jews in England imprisoned on suspicion of coin clipping.
 * 1279
 * January – Pope Nicholas III quashes the election of Robert Burnell to the Archbishopric of Canterbury.
 * 25 January – John Peckham enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury against the wishes of the King.
 * The first of the Statutes of Mortmain prevents land from passing into possession of the church.
 * December – new coinage issued, including the first groats and round farthings and a new silver halfpenny.
 * Itinerant royal judges are ordered to inquire into confederacies against justice, thus effectively making conspiracy a crime.
 * The Royal Mint moves to the Tower of London by this year.
 * Further round of Hundred Rolls commissioned.

Births

 * 1270
 * Approximate date – Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, military leader (executed 1323)
 * 1272
 * April – Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward I (died 1307)
 * 1273
 * 24 November – Alphonso, Earl of Chester, son of Edward I (died 1284)
 * 1274
 * Approximate date – Adam Murimuth, ecclesiastic and chronicler (died 1347)
 * 1275
 * 15 March – Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant, daughter of King Edward I (died after 1333)
 * 18 August – Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere (died 1322)
 * Approximate date – Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (died 1324)
 * 1276
 * Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (died in battle 1322)
 * 1278
 * 11 March – Mary of Woodstock, daughter of King Edward I, nun (died by 1332)
 * Approximate date – Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, politician (executed 1322)
 * 1279
 * Approximate date – Marguerite of France, daughter of Philip III of France and Queen consort of Edward I of England (died 1318)

Deaths

 * 1270
 * 18 July – Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, (born c. 1217)
 * Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk (born 1212)
 * 1271
 * 13 March – Henry of Almain, crusader (born 1235)
 * Richard de Grey, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (year of birth unknown)
 * 1272
 * 18 March – John FitzAlan, 7th Earl of Arundel (born 1246)
 * 2 April – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall (born 1209)
 * 16 November – King Henry III (born 1207)
 * Bartholomeus Anglicus, Franciscan friar and encyclopedia author (born before 1203)
 * Approximate date – William of Sherwood, logician (born c.1200)
 * 1275
 * 26 February – Margaret of England, daughter of Henry III of England and consort of Alexander III of Scotland (born 1240)
 * 13 April – Eleanor of England (born 1215)
 * 24 September – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, Constable of England (born 1208)
 * John of Howden, canon and poet writing in Norman French and Latin
 * 1277
 * 27 October – Walter de Merton, Lord Chancellor and founder of Merton College, Oxford (born c. 1205)
 * 1279
 * 11 September – Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1215)
 * Walter Giffard, Lord Chancellor and archbishop (year of birth unknown)