12N360

The 12N360 (12Н360; other designations are A-85-3A or 2V-12-3A) diesel engine is a Russian four-stroke diesel engine produced by the Chelyabinsk Engine Plant. The water-cooled twelve-cylinder X-engine with direct injection was developed to power the Armata Universal Combat Platform, on which the T-14 tank, among others, is based.

Development
Development of the 12N360 began as early as the 1970s. In 1977 a first prototype with an output of 1200 hp and the designation 12ChN was running. At the time, the Soviet leadership favored the gas turbine and the two-stroke 5TDF opposed-piston engine for tank propulsion, and no funds were made available for further development of the 12ChN. Also, the later development of the V-2 series into the V-93 with 1120 hp showed that this V12 engine, whose origins lay in the late 1930s, still had potential.

Design
The 12N360 is a turbocharged, horizontal X engine with 12 cylinders. The X design makes it much more compact than its predecessor, the V-93 (Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant), and similar in size to the 5TDF and 6TDF two-stroke opposed-piston engines (Malyshev Factory).