152 mm gun M1910/30

152-mm gun model 1910/30 was a Soviet howitzer, a modernization of World War I era 152 mm siege gun M1910. The gun was briefly used by Red Army in the Eastern Front of World War II.

Description
M1910/30 was powerful long range gun with big (40°) maximum elevation. It was equipped with interrupted screw breechblock and recoil system consisting of hydraulic buffer and hydro-pneumatic recuperator. The carriage was of single trail type and had metal wheels with solid tires. The crew was protected by 7 mm shield.

In transportation, the barrel was removed and transported separately. It took some 10–15 minutes to set the gun up for combat and up to 23 minutes to make it ready for transportation.

Development and production history
The gun resulted from a modernization of the 152-mm siege gun M1910, initially developed by Schneider. The upgrading project was prepared by the design bureau of the Main Artillery Directorate, its main purpose was to increase range. The changes included: In 1930 the modernized gun was adopted as 152-mm gun model 1910/30 (152-мм пушка образца 1910/30 годов).
 * Lengthened chamber
 * Mounting of muzzle brake
 * Reduced (from 1,000 mm to 950 mm) recoil distance
 * The trail was lengthened (to 2 m)
 * Trunnion rings were moved 50 mm forward

The production began in 1930 at Krasniy Putilovets plant. Later Barrikady and Bolshevik plants joined the production effort. In addition to newly built pieces, all existing M1910 guns were converted to the new standard; the conversion was finished by 1 November 1936.

Since the upgrade of 1930 didn't address a problem of limited mobility, in 1934 additional modernization was performed, resulting in 152-mm gun M1910/34. In 1935 the production of M1910/30 was stopped.

Organization and service
According to Red Army organization, 152-mm guns were employed by corps artillery and by the Reserve of the Main Command, typically instead of 152-mm gun-howitzer M1937 (ML-20). Heavy gun regiments of Reserve of the Main Command had 24 pieces each.

At the outbreak of Operation Barbarossa (Nazigermany's invasion of the Soviet Union) in June 1941, the Red Army possessed some 120-150 M1910/30s. They undoubtfully saw combat in the war, though due to their limited number the details of their service are unknown.

One piece was captured by the Finnish Army. That gun is currently on display in Hämeenlinna The Artillery Museum of Finland. The Germans assigned the M1910/30 the designation 15.2cm K 438(r).

Summary
The M1910/30 was a result of limited modernization of World War I era weapon, which didn't address its insufficient mobility (due to lack of suspension and separate transportation of barrel) and limited traverse.

On the other hand, the Red Army liked the ballistic characteristics of the gun. Subsequent modernizations, which concentrated mostly on the gun carriage, resulted in improved M1910/34 and eventually in the famous ML-20.

Ammunition abbreviations

 * English abbreviations:
 * AC – anti-concrete
 * AC-F – anti-concrete fragmentation
 * APHE – armour-piercing high-explosive
 * APHE-BC – armour-piercing high-explosive ballistic-capped
 * cnn. – cannon shell
 * (CS) – cast steel shell
 * how. – howitzer shell
 * HE – high-explosive
 * HE-C – high-explosive chemical
 * HEF – high-explosive fragmentation
 * HEAT – high-explosive anti-tank
 * max. – maximum
 * min. – minimum
 * nav. – naval shell
 * (OP) – ogive point shell (остроголовая граната)
 * (RP) – round point shell (тупоголовая граната)
 * SAPHE – semi armour-piercing high-explosive
 * (ST) – steel shell


 * Russian abbreviations:
 * БР – prefix: бронебойные (armour-piercing)
 * БП – prefix: бронебойный противотанковый (armour-piercing anti-tank)
 * Г – prefix: гаубичный (howitzer) or граната (shell)
 * Ж suffix: – железокерамическим пояском (cermet driving band)
 * ЗХЗ – prefix: зона химического заражения (zone of chemical contamination)
 * обр. – о́браз (mod)
 * ОФ – prefix: осколочно фугасный (fragmentation high-explosive)
 * ОХ – prefix: осколочно химический (fragmentation chemical)
 * С – prefix: световой (luminous)
 * Ф – prefix: фугасный (high-explosive) – suffix: французский (French)
 * ХН – prefix: химический нестойкими (chemical unstable)
 * ХС – prefix: химический стойкими (chemical persistent)
 * Ш – prefix: шрапнель (shrapnel shell) – suffix: шрапнель (shrapnel)