1605 Milankovitch

1605 Milankovitch, provisional designation, is an Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 31 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković.

Discovery
Milankovitch was discovered on 13 April 1936, by Serbian astronomer Petar Đurković at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, Belgium. Two nights later, the body was independently discovered by Polish astronomers Jan Piegza and Tadeusz Banachiewicz at Cracow and Warsaw, respectively.

It was first identified as at the U.S. Taunton Observatory (803) in 1907. However, it remained unused – as did the subsequent observations at both Simeiz and Lowell Observatory in 1925 and 1931, respectively. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Uccle in 1936.

Orbit and classification
Milankovitch is a member of the Eos family, an orbital group of more than 4,000 asteroids, which are well known for mostly being of stony composition.

It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.2 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,911 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.

Physical characteristics
Milankovitch is classified as a metallic M-type by the NEOWISE mission, as a stony S-type by the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL), and as a LS-type – a transitional form between the common S-type and rare L-type asteroids – by Pan-STARRS1' large-scale survey.

Rotation period
In April 2004, a rotational lightcurve of Milankovitch was obtained from photometric observations by American amateur astronomer Walter R. Cooney Jr. It gave a rotation period of $27.78$ hours with a brightness variation of 0.12 magnitude (U=2). In October 2006, French astronomer Pierre Antonini obtained another lightcurve, which gave a similar period of $29.404$ and an amplitude of 0.14 magnitude (U=2).

Diameter and albedo
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Milankovitch measures between 27.8 and 33.8 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.142 and 0.235. CALL derives an albedo of 0.140 and a diameter of 32.4 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.2.

Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of Serbian-Yugoslav scientist Milutin Milanković (1879–1958), best known for his Milankovitch cycles, a theory of celestial mechanics that describes the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements upon its climate. He is also honored by the lunar crater Milankovič, and by the Martian crater Milankovič. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 (M.P.C. 5449).