16th United States Congress

The 16th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

 * A "speech for Buncombe County, North Carolina" given by North Carolina representative Felix Walker in 1820 was credited with introducing into the language the term "bunkum".
 * March 6, 1819: McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme Court ruled that the Bank of the United States is constitutional.
 * July 3, 1820: United States House of Representatives elections, 1820 began in Louisiana
 * August 7, 1820: 1820 United States Census conducted, eventually determining a population of 9,638,453, of which 1,538,022 were slaves.
 * November 13–15, 1820: A special election for the House speakership takes 22 ballots.
 * December 3, 1820: U.S. presidential election, 1820: James Monroe was re-elected, virtually unopposed.

Major legislation

 * March 6, 1820: Missouri Compromise, Sess. 1, ch. 22,
 * April 24, 1820: Land Act of 1820, Sess. 1, ch. 51,

Proposed but not enacted

 * Tallmadge Amendment would allow Missouri into the Union as a slave state, but would also implement gradual emancipation in Missouri. The amendment passed the House of Representatives, but not the Senate.   The Tallmadge Amendment led to the passage of the Missouri Compromise.

Treaties

 * February 22, 1819: Adams-Onís Treaty (Transcontinental Treaty of 1819): Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

States admitted

 * December 14, 1819: Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state,.
 * March 15, 1820: Maine was admitted as the 23rd state. It was formerly the District of Maine, part of Massachusetts,.

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Alabama and Maine.

House of Representatives
During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Alabama and one seat was reapportioned from Massachusetts to the new state of Maine. For the beginning of the next congress, six more seats from Massachusetts would be reapportioned to Maine.

Senate

 * President: Daniel D. Tompkins (DR)
 * President pro tempore: James Barbour, (DR), until December 26, 1819
 * John Gaillard, (DR), elected January 25, 1820

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Henry Clay (DR), resigned October 28, 1820
 * John Taylor, (DR), elected November 15, 1820, on the 22nd ballot

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.


 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1820; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1822; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1824.

Alabama

 * 2. William R. King (DR), from December 14, 1819 (newly admitted state)
 * 3. John W. Walker (DR), from December 14, 1819 (newly admitted state)

Connecticut

 * 1. Samuel W. Dana (F)
 * 3. James Lanman (DR)

Delaware

 * 1. Outerbridge Horsey (F)
 * 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (F)

Georgia

 * 2. Freeman Walker (DR), from November 6, 1819
 * 3. John Elliott (DR)

Illinois

 * 2. Jesse B. Thomas (DR)
 * 3. Ninian Edwards (DR)

Indiana

 * 1. James Noble (DR)
 * 3. Waller Taylor (DR)

Kentucky

 * 2. Richard M. Johnson (DR), from December 10, 1819
 * 3. William Logan (DR), until May 28, 1820
 * Isham Talbot (DR), from October 19, 1820

Louisiana

 * 2. Henry Johnson (DR)
 * 3. James Brown (DR)

Maine

 * 1. John Holmes (DR), from June 13, 1820 (newly admitted state)
 * 2. John Chandler (DR), from June 14, 1820 (newly admitted state)

Maryland

 * 1. Alexander C. Hanson (F), until April 23, 1819
 * William Pinkney (DR), from December 21, 1819
 * 3. Edward Lloyd (DR), from December 21, 1819

Massachusetts

 * 1. Prentiss Mellen (F), until May 15, 1820
 * Elijah H. Mills (F), from June 12, 1820
 * 2. Harrison Gray Otis (F)

Mississippi

 * 1. Walter Leake (DR), until May 15, 1820
 * David Holmes (DR), from August 30, 1820
 * 2. Thomas H. Williams (DR)

New Hampshire

 * 2. David L. Morril (DR)
 * 3. John F. Parrott (DR)

New Jersey

 * 1. James J. Wilson (DR), until January 8, 1821
 * Samuel L. Southard (DR), from January 26, 1821
 * 2. Mahlon Dickerson (DR)

New York

 * 1. Nathan Sanford (DR)
 * 3. Rufus King (F), from January 25, 1820

North Carolina

 * 2. Montfort Stokes (DR)
 * 3. Nathaniel Macon (DR)

Ohio

 * 1. Benjamin Ruggles (DR)
 * 3. William A. Trimble (DR)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. Jonathan Roberts (DR)
 * 3. Walter Lowrie (DR)

Rhode Island

 * 1. William Hunter (F)
 * 2. James Burrill Jr. (F), until December 25, 1820
 * Nehemiah R. Knight (DR), from January 9, 1821

South Carolina

 * 2. William Smith (DR)
 * 3. John Gaillard (DR)

Tennessee

 * 1. John H. Eaton (DR)
 * 2. John Williams (DR)

Vermont

 * 1. Isaac Tichenor (F)
 * 3. William A. Palmer (DR)

Virginia

 * 1. James Barbour (DR)
 * 2. John W. Eppes (DR), until December 4, 1819
 * James Pleasants (DR), from December 10, 1819



Alabama

 * At-large. John Crowell (DR), from December 14, 1819 (newly admitted state)

Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Henry W. Edwards (DR)
 * At-large. Samuel A. Foote (DR)
 * At-large. Jonathan O. Moseley (DR)
 * At-large. Elisha Phelps (DR)
 * At-large. John Russ (DR)
 * At-large. James Stevens (DR)
 * At-large. Gideon Tomlinson (DR)

Delaware
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Willard Hall (DR), until January 22, 1821, vacant thereafter
 * At-large. Louis McLane (F)

Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Joel Abbot (DR)
 * At-large. Thomas W. Cobb (DR)
 * At-large. Joel Crawford (DR)
 * At-large. John A. Cuthbert (DR)
 * At-large. Robert R. Reid (DR)
 * At-large. William Terrell (DR)

Illinois

 * At-large. Daniel P. Cook (DR)

Indiana

 * At-large. William Hendricks (DR)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. David Trimble (DR)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. Henry Clay (DR)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. William Brown (DR)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Thomas Metcalfe (DR)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Alney McLean (DR)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. David Walker (DR), until March 1, 1820
 * Francis Johnson (DR), from November 13, 1820
 * Kentucky's 7th congressional district. George Robertson (DR)
 * Kentucky's 8th congressional district. Richard C. Anderson Jr. (DR)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district. Tunstal Quarles (DR), until June 15, 1820
 * Thomas Montgomery (DR), from November 13, 1820
 * Kentucky's 10th congressional district. Benjamin Hardin (DR)

Louisiana

 * At-large. Thomas Butler (DR)

Maine

 * Maine At-large. Joseph Dane (F), seated December 11, 1820 (newly admitted state)

Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Raphael Neale (F)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Joseph Kent (DR)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. Henry R. Warfield (F)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Samuel Ringgold (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Peter Little (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Samuel Smith (DR)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. Stevenson Archer (DR)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Thomas Culbreth (DR)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Thomas Bayly (F)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. Jonathan Mason (F), until May 15, 1820
 * Benjamin Gorham (DR), from November 27, 1820
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Nathaniel Silsbee (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Jeremiah Nelson (F)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Timothy Fuller (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Samuel Lathrop (F)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Samuel C. Allen (F)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Henry Shaw (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Zabdiel Sampson (DR), until July 26, 1820
 * Aaron Hobart (DR), from December 18, 1820
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Walter Folger Jr. (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Marcus Morton (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. Benjamin Adams (F)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district. Jonas Kendall (F)
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district. Edward Dowse (DR), until May 26, 1820
 * William Eustis (DR), from November 13, 1820
 * Massachusetts's 14th congressional district. John Holmes (DR), until March 15, 1820, vacant thereafter
 * Massachusetts's 15th congressional district. Ezekiel Whitman (F)
 * Massachusetts's 16th congressional district. Mark L. Hill (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 17th congressional district. Martin Kinsley (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 18th congressional district. James Parker (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 19th congressional district. Joshua Cushman (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 20th congressional district. Enoch Lincoln (DR)

Mississippi

 * At-large. Christopher Rankin (DR)

New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Joseph Buffum Jr. (DR)
 * At-large. Josiah Butler (DR)
 * At-large. Clifton Clagett (DR)
 * At-large. Arthur Livermore (DR)
 * At-large. William Plumer Jr. (DR)
 * At-large. Nathaniel Upham (DR)

New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Ephraim Bateman (DR)
 * At-large. Joseph Bloomfield (DR)
 * At-large. John Condit (DR), until November 4, 1819
 * Charles Kinsey (DR), from February 16, 1820
 * At-large. John Linn (DR), until January 5, 1821, vacant thereafter
 * At-large. Bernard Smith (DR)
 * At-large. Henry Southard (DR)

New York
There were six plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, 12th, 15th, 20th & 21st, each had two representatives.
 * New York's 1st congressional district. James Guyon Jr. (DR), from January 14, 1820
 * New York's 1st congressional district. Silas Wood (F)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Henry Meigs (DR)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Peter H. Wendover (DR)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Caleb Tompkins (DR)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Randall S. Street (F)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. James Strong (F)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Walter Case (DR)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Jacob H. De Witt (DR)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. Robert Clark (DR)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Solomon Van Rensselaer (F)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. John D. Dickinson (F)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. John W. Taylor (DR)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Ezra C. Gross (DR)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Nathaniel Pitcher (DR)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Harmanus Peek (DR)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. John Fay (DR)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Joseph S. Lyman (DR)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Robert Monell (DR)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Henry R. Storrs (F)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Aaron Hackley Jr. (DR)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. William D. Ford (DR)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. George Hall (DR)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Caleb Baker (DR)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Jonathan Richmond (DR)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Nathaniel Allen (DR)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Albert H. Tracy (DR)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Hutchins G. Burton (DR), from December 6, 1819
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Thomas H. Hall (DR)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. Jesse Slocumb (F), until December 20, 1820
 * William S. Blackledge (DR), from February 7, 1821
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Charles Hooks (DR)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Weldon N. Edwards (DR)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. John Culpepper (F)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. James S. Smith (DR)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Thomas Settle (DR)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Charles Fisher (DR)
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. William Davidson (F)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district. Felix Walker (DR)
 * North Carolina's 13th congressional district. Lewis Williams (DR)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Thomas R. Ross (DR)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. John W. Campbell (DR)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Henry Brush (DR)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. Samuel Herrick (DR)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. Philemon Beecher (F)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. John Sloane (DR)

Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts, the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th & 10th had two representatives each, the 1st had four representatives.
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Samuel Edwards (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Thomas Forrest (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Joseph Hemphill (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. John Sergeant (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. William Darlington (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Samuel Gross (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Jacob Hibshman (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. James M. Wallace (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. Jacob Hostetter (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Andrew Boden (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. David Fullerton (DR), until May 15, 1820
 * Thomas G. McCullough (F), from November 13, 1820
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Samuel Moore (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Thomas J. Rogers (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Joseph Hiester (DR), until December 1820
 * Daniel Udree (DR), from January 8, 1821
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Robert Philson (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. William P. Maclay (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. George Denison (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. John Murray (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. David Marchand (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. Thomas Patterson (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. Christian Tarr (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. Henry Baldwin (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Robert Moore (DR)

Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Samuel Eddy (DR)
 * At-large. Nathaniel Hazard (DR), until December 17, 1820; vacant thereafter

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Charles Pinckney (DR)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. William Lowndes (DR)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. James Ervin (DR)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. James Overstreet (DR)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. Starling Tucker (DR)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Eldred Simkins (DR)
 * South Carolina's 7th congressional district. Elias Earle (DR)
 * South Carolina's 8th congressional district. John McCreary (DR)
 * South Carolina's 9th congressional district. Joseph Brevard (DR)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. John Rhea (DR)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. John Cocke (DR)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Francis Jones (DR)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Robert Allen (DR)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. Newton Cannon (DR)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. Henry H. Bryan (DR)

Vermont
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * At-large. Samuel C. Crafts (DR)
 * At-large. Ezra Meech (DR)
 * At-large. Orsamus C. Merrill (DR), until January 12, 1820
 * Rollin C. Mallary (DR), from January 13, 1820
 * At-large. Charles Rich (DR)
 * At-large. Mark Richards (DR)
 * At-large. William Strong (DR)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. James Pindall (F), until July 26, 1820
 * Edward B. Jackson (DR), from November 13, 1820
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. Thomas Van Swearingen (F)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. Jared Williams (DR)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. William McCoy (DR)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. John Floyd (DR)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Alexander Smyth (DR)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Ballard Smith (DR)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Charles F. Mercer (F)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. William Lee Ball (DR)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. George F. Strother (DR), until February 10, 1820
 * Thomas L. Moore (DR), from November 13, 1820
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district. Philip P. Barbour (DR)
 * Virginia's 12th congressional district. Robert S. Garnett (DR)
 * Virginia's 13th congressional district. Severn E. Parker (DR)
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district. William A. Burwell (DR), until February 16, 1821, vacant for remainder of term
 * Virginia's 15th congressional district. George Tucker (DR)
 * Virginia's 16th congressional district. John Randolph (DR)
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district. James Pleasants (DR), until December 14, 1819
 * William S. Archer (DR), from January 18, 1820
 * Virginia's 18th congressional district. Mark Alexander (DR)
 * Virginia's 19th congressional district. James Jones (DR)
 * Virginia's 20th congressional district. James Johnson (DR), until February 1, 1820
 * John C. Gray (DR), from November 13, 1820
 * Virginia's 21st congressional district. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 22nd congressional district. Hugh Nelson (DR)
 * Virginia's 23rd congressional district. John Tyler (DR)

Non-voting members

 * Alabama Territory's at-large congressional district: Vacant until statehood
 * Arkansas Territory's at-large congressional district. James W. Bates, from December 21, 1819
 * Michigan Territory's at-large congressional district. William Woodbridge, until August 9, 1820
 * Solomon Sibley, from November 20, 1820
 * Missouri Territory's at-large congressional district. John Scott

Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate
There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, 2 vacancies before the Congress, and 4 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 7-seat net gain and the Federalists had a 1-seat net loss.


 * Georgia (2)
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | John Forsyth had resigned before the beginning of the Congress.
 * | Freeman Walker (DR)
 * Elected November 6, 1819
 * Kentucky (2)
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | John J. Crittenden had resigned before the beginning of the Congress.
 * | Richard Mentor Johnson (DR)
 * Elected December 10, 1819
 * Maryland (3)
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | Legislature did not elect until after the term began.
 * | Edward Lloyd (DR)
 * Elected December 14, 1819, and qualified December 21, 1819
 * New York (3)
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | Legislature failed to elect, held late election.
 * | Rufus King (F)
 * Elected January 8, 1820, and qualified January 25, 1820
 * Maryland (1)
 * | Alexander C. Hanson (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died April 23, 1819
 * | William Pinkney (DR)
 * Elected December 21, 1819
 * Virginia (2)
 * | John W. Eppes (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 4, 1819
 * | James Pleasants (DR)
 * Elected December 10, 1819
 * Alabama (2)
 * rowspan=2 | New seats
 * rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Alabama was admitted to the Union December 14, 1819.
 * | John W. Walker (DR)
 * Elected December 14, 1819
 * Alabama (3)
 * | William R. King (DR)
 * Elected December 14, 1819
 * Maine (2)
 * rowspan=2 | New seats
 * rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" |Maine was admitted to the Union March 15, 1820.
 * | John Holmes (DR)
 * Elected June 13, 1820
 * Maine (1)
 * | John Chandler (DR)
 * Elected June 14, 1820
 * Massachusetts (1)
 * | Prentiss Mellen (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820
 * | Elijah H. Mills (F)
 * Elected June 12, 1820
 * Mississippi (1)
 * | Walter Leake (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820, after becoming US Marshal for Mississippi
 * | David Holmes (DR)
 * Appointed August 30, 1820
 * Kentucky (3)
 * | William Logan (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 28, 1820, to run for Governor of Kentucky
 * | Isham Talbot (DR)
 * Elected October 19, 1820
 * Rhode Island (2)
 * | James Burrill Jr. (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died December 25, 1820
 * | Nehemiah R. Knight (DR)
 * Elected January 9, 1821
 * New Jersey (1)
 * | James J. Wilson (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 8, 1821
 * | Samuel L. Southard (DR)
 * Appointed January 26, 1821
 * }
 * | Isham Talbot (DR)
 * Elected October 19, 1820
 * Rhode Island (2)
 * | James Burrill Jr. (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died December 25, 1820
 * | Nehemiah R. Knight (DR)
 * Elected January 9, 1821
 * New Jersey (1)
 * | James J. Wilson (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 8, 1821
 * | Samuel L. Southard (DR)
 * Appointed January 26, 1821
 * }
 * Appointed January 26, 1821
 * }

House of Representatives
There were 13 resignations, 5 deaths, 2 contested elections, and 2 new seats. The Democratic-Republicans had a 1-seat net gain and the Federalists had no net change.


 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" |
 * | Hutchins G. Burton (DR)
 * Seated December 6, 1819
 * Alabama Territory's at-large congressional district
 * rowspan=2 | Vacant
 * rowspan=2 style="font-size:80%" | Seat remained vacant until statehood
 * rowspan=2 | John Crowell (DR)
 * rowspan=2 | Seated December 14, 1819
 * Alabama's at-large congressional district
 * Arkansas Territory's at-large congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | Arkansas Territory organized July 4, 1819
 * James W. Bates
 * Seated December 21, 1819
 * New York's 1st congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | Contested election. Representative-elect Ebenezer Sage never qualified.
 * | James Guyon Jr. (DR)
 * Seated January 14, 1820
 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district
 * | John Condit (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 4, 1819
 * | Charles Kinsey (DR)
 * Seated February 16, 1820
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district
 * | James Pleasants (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 14, 1819
 * | William S. Archer (DR)
 * Seated January 18, 1820
 * Vermont's 1st congressional district
 * | Orsamus C. Merrill (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Contested election, served until January 12, 1820
 * | Rollin C. Mallary (DR)
 * Seated January 13, 1820
 * Virginia's 20th congressional district
 * | James Johnson (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 1, 1820
 * | John C. Gray (DR)
 * Seated November 13, 1820
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district
 * | George F. Strother (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 10, 1820
 * | Thomas L. Moore (DR)
 * Seated November 13, 1820
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district
 * | David Walker (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died March 1, 1820
 * | Francis Johnson (DR)
 * Seated November 13, 1820
 * Massachusetts's 14th congressional district
 * | John Holmes (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 15, 1820, to become U.S. Senator from Maine.
 * District moved to Maine
 * District inactive until 1903
 * Maine's at-large congressional district
 * New seat
 * style="font-size:80%" | Massachusetts's 14th district became Maine's at-large district
 * | Joseph Dane (F)
 * Seated November 6, 1820
 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district
 * | Jonathan Mason (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820
 * | Benjamin Gorham (DR)
 * Seated November 27, 1820
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district
 * | David Fullerton (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 15, 1820
 * | Thomas G. McCullough (F)
 * rowspan= 4 | Seated November 13, 1820
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district
 * | Edward Dowse (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 26, 1820
 * | William Eustis (DR)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district
 * | Tunstall Quarles (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 15, 1820
 * | Thomas Montgomery (DR)
 * Virginia's 1st congressional district
 * | James Pindall (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820
 * | Edward B. Jackson (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district
 * | Zabdiel Sampson (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820
 * | Aaron Hobart (DR)
 * Seated December 18, 1820
 * | Edward Dowse (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 26, 1820
 * | William Eustis (DR)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district
 * | Tunstall Quarles (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 15, 1820
 * | Thomas Montgomery (DR)
 * Virginia's 1st congressional district
 * | James Pindall (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820
 * | Edward B. Jackson (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district
 * | Zabdiel Sampson (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820
 * | Aaron Hobart (DR)
 * Seated December 18, 1820
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 26, 1820
 * | Aaron Hobart (DR)
 * Seated December 18, 1820


 * Michigan Territory's at-large congressional district
 * William Woodbridge
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 9, 1820
 * Solomon Sibley
 * Seated November 20, 1820
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district
 * | Joseph Hiester (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned sometime in December 1820
 * | Daniel Udree (DR)
 * Seated January 8, 1821
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district
 * | Nathaniel Hazard (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died December 17, 1820
 * Vacant
 * Not filled in this Congress
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district
 * | Jesse Slocumb (F)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died December 20, 1820
 * | William S. Blackledge (DR)
 * Seated February 7, 1821
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district
 * | John Linn (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died January 5, 1821
 * Vacant
 * Not filled in this Congress
 * Delaware's at-large congressional district
 * | Willard Hall (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 22, 1821
 * Vacant
 * Not filled in this Congress
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district
 * | William A. Burwell (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died February 16, 1821
 * Vacant
 * Not filled in this Congress
 * }
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district
 * | William A. Burwell (DR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died February 16, 1821
 * Vacant
 * Not filled in this Congress
 * }
 * }

Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

 * Amendments to the Constitution (Select)
 * American Colonization Society (Select)
 * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Jonathan Roberts)
 * Claims (Chairman: Jonathan Roberts then James J. Wilson)
 * Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Nathan Sanford then Mahlon Dickerson)
 * Constitution of the State of Alabama (Select)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Outerbridge Horsey)
 * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Prentiss Mellen)
 * Finance (Chairman: Nathan Sanford)
 * Foreign Relations (Chairman: James Brown then James Barbour)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: David Holmes)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: William Smith)
 * Land Commissioner Reports (Select)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: John Williams)
 * Militia (Chairman: James Noble)
 * Missouri's Admission to the Union (Select)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: James Pleasants)
 * Pensions (Chairman: Nicholas Van Dyke then James Noble)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Montfort Stokes)
 * Public Buildings (Select)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Thomas Hill Williams then Jesse B. Thomas)
 * Purchase of Fire Engines (Select)
 * Reduction of Congressional Salaries (Select)
 * Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: Rufus King)
 * Whole

House of Representatives

 * Accounts (Chairman: James S. Smith)
 * Agriculture (Chairman: Thomas Forrest)
 * Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
 * Army Appropriations Inquiry (Select)
 * Bank of the United States (Select)
 * Brownstown Treaty (Select)
 * Claims (Chairman: Lewis Williams)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Kent)
 * Elections (Chairman: John W. Taylor then David Trimble)
 * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Stevenson Archer)
 * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Arthur Livermore)
 * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: John Holmes)
 * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: David Trimble)
 * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Henry Brush)
 * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry Meigs)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: John Sergeant)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: Henry Baldwin)
 * Pensions and Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John Rhea)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Arthur Livermore)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: John W. Campbell)
 * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Eldred Simkins)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Richard C. Anderson Jr.)
 * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Marcus Morton)
 * Rules (Select)
 * Standards of Official Conduct
 * Ways and Means (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Enrolled Bills
 * Investigate Safety of Roofs over Senate and House Wings of the Capitol
 * The Library

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch
 * Librarian of Congress: George Watterston

Senate

 * Chaplain: John Clark (Presbyterian), until December 9, 1819
 * Reuben Post (Presbyterian), elected December 9, 1819
 * William Ryland (Methodist), elected November 17, 1820
 * Secretary: Charles Cutts
 * Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: Burgiss Allison (Baptist), until November 16, 1820
 * John N. Campbell (Presbyterian), elected November 16, 1820
 * Clerk: Thomas Dougherty
 * Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
 * Reading Clerks:
 * Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn