1755 in science

The year 1755 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

 * Immanuel Kant develops the nebular hypothesis in his Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven (Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels).

Chemistry

 * June – Joseph Black's discovery of carbon dioxide ("fixed air") and magnesium is communicated in a paper to the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.

Earth sciences

 * November 1 – An earthquake in Lisbon kills 30,000 inhabitants.
 * Publication of De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP, a description of the measurement of a meridian arc carried out in the Papal States by Ruđer Bošković with Christopher Maire in 1750–52.

Mathematics

 * Leonhard Euler's Institutiones calculi differentialis is published.

Technology

 * December 2 – The second Eddystone Lighthouse (1709–1755), with a wooden cone, catches fire and burns to the ground; it will be rebuilt in stone.
 * While serving as Postmaster General of the northern American colonies, Benjamin Franklin invents a simple odometer, attached to his horse carriage, to help analyze the best routes for delivering the mail.
 * approx. date – Thomas Mudge invents the lever escapement for timepieces.

Awards

 * Copley Medal: John Huxham

Births

 * January 28 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, Prussian physician, anatomist, paleontologist and inventor (died 1830).
 * April 11 – James Parkinson, English surgeon (died 1824).
 * June 15 – Antoine François, French chemist (died 1809)
 * October 11 – Fausto Elhuyar, Spanish chemist (died 1833).
 * October 28 – Jacques Labillardière, French naturalist (died 1834).
 * Maria Elizabetha Jacson, English botanist (died 1829).

Deaths

 * May 20 – Johann Georg Gmelin, botanist, natural historian and geographer (born 1709)