1781 in sports

1781 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.

Archery
Events
 * Foundation of the Toxophilite Society at Leicester Square, London; it later gained royal patronage and became the Royal Toxophilite Society in 1787.

Boxing
Events
 * Unknown.

Cricket
Events England
 * The Hambledon Club abandoned its traditional home at Broadhalfpenny Down after the members decided it was "too remote" and relocated to Windmill Down just outside Hambledon village
 * Most runs – James Aylward 319
 * Most wickets – Lamborn 27

Horse racing
England
 * The Derby – Young Eclipse
 * The Oaks – Faith
 * St Leger Stakes – Serina