1851 Avenwedde rail accident

The 1851 Avenwedde rail accident was a train derailment that occurred near Gütersloh, Germany on January 21st of that year.

Background
In 1848, the "Muenster", a steam engine, was designed and built specifically for the Cologne railway. The distance between the axles and the wheelbases combined with the weight distribution of the engine and boiler caused a natural imbalance as the train would travel. In 1851, this type of train was being used during the fatal incident.

Accident
On January 21, 1851, a royal train carrying Prince Friedrich Wilhem was traveling near Gütersloh. As it passed through, Avenwedde, 3 kilometers away from Gütersloh, the engine began to wobble due to balance issues. The train then fully derailed, taking several coaches with it. Prince Wilhelm was among the injured, but survived. 3 people would die as a result of the accident. Among the dead were two crew members of the train, as well as well as a US secretary named John B. Andre who died while attempting to leap from his tipping carriage, only to be crushed as a result. It was the first German rail accident to result in multiple fatalities.

Aftermath
On June 21, 1865, the municipality of Avenwedde erected a memorial both in memorial of the lives lost in the accident, but also with gratitude that Prince Wilhelm had survived the ordeal. The memorial was placed at the site of the accident.

The "Muenster" train would also be redesigned as a result of the crash. The wheelbase of the train would be expanded an additional five feet in diameter to a length around 14 feet and 2 inches to counteract the weight of the engine body. This redesign made the engines run more efficiently.