1858 in rail transport

April events

 * April 13 – The Virginia Central Railroad begins operations through the Blue Ridge Tunnel at Rockfish Gap, Virginia.

May events

 * May – First known slip coach working, at Haywards Heath on the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway.
 * May 3 – While under lease to Bristol and Exeter Railway, the Somerset Central Railway is extended to Burnham-on-Sea.
 * May 31 - Carl Abraham Pihl presents the results of his investigation of the area along the river Drammenselva which concludes that the terrain between Drammen and Randsfjorden, in Norway, is favorable for a rail line.

July events

 * June 17 – The Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad opens, operating 95 miles from Goldsboro to New Bern, North Carolina.

August events

 * August 23 – The Round Oak rail accident in England kills 14.

October events

 * October 30 – The Oriental Railway Company opens the first section of railway in the Ottoman Empire, from İzmir to Seydiköy.

September events

 * John Ramsbottom (engineer) on the London and North Western Railway introduces the first Class DX 0-6-0 goods locomotives. There will be 943 engines built to this design, the largest steam locomotive class in the British Isles.

December events

 * December 15 – Wien Westbahnhof railway station, the terminal of the Western Railway (Austria) in Vienna, opens.

Unknown date events

 * John W. Garrett becomes president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

February births

 * February 18 – Wilhelm Schmidt, German pioneer of superheated steam for use in locomotives (d. 1924).

April births

 * April 23 - Leonor F. Loree, president of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 1901–1903, D&H 1907-1938 and Kansas City Southern Railway 1918–1920.

December births

 * December 20 – David Blyth Hanna, first president of Canadian National Railway (d. 1938).

July deaths

 * July 31 – Edward Pease, first promoter of the Stockton and Darlington Railway (b. 1767).

November deaths

 * November 25 – Edward Bury, English steam locomotive builder (b. 1794).