1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, in the midst of the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's reelection. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before the first session of the 39th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1865, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nevada, and the 8 from Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. The other 10 secessionist states had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.

The opposition Democrats were deeply divided between the Copperheads, a group that demanded an immediate negotiated settlement with the Confederate States of America, and the War Democrats, who supported the war. With the Democrats lacking any coherent message, they lost half their seats to Lincoln's Republican Party, who increased their majority to a commanding level.

The National Union Party (formerly known as the Unionists) lost seven seats, retaining control of 18 seats (some classify the Representatives as including 13 Unconditional Unionists and five Unionists), all from the border states of Maryland, Tennessee, and Kentucky, as well as West Virginia.

Election summaries
One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.

Of the rejected elections, Florida's and Mississippi's claimants' parties are unknown, while North Carolina elected 4 Union and 3 Conservative Representatives.

38th Congress
! IL's 5th congressional district
 * Owen Lovejoy
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent died March 25, 1864. New member elected May 19, 1864. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ebon C. Ingersoll (Republican) 62.8%
 * nowrap | ✅ Ebon C. Ingersoll (Republican) 62.8%

H. M. Wead (Democratic) 37.1%

! NY's 1st congressional district
 * Henry G. Stebbins
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864. New member elected November 8, 1864. Democratic hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Dwight Townsend (Democratic) 54.9%
 * nowrap | ✅ Dwight Townsend (Democratic) 54.9%

Henry G. Stebbins (National Union) 45.1%


 * }

39th Congress
! MD's 2nd congressional district
 * Edwin H. Webster
 * | Unconditional Unionist
 * 1859
 * | Incumbent resigned July 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. Unconditional Unionist hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ John L. Thomas Jr. (Unconditional Unionist) 83.2%

William Kimmel (Democratic) 16.8%

! MA's 6th congressional district
 * Daniel W. Gooch
 * | National Union
 * 1858 (special)
 * | Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. National Union hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Nathaniel P. Banks (National Union) 80.8%

Thomas J. Greenwood (Democratic) 19.2%

! NY's 16th congressional district
 * Orlando Kellogg
 * | National Union
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent died August 24, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. National Union hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Robert S. Hale (National Union) 54.5%

Halsey R. Wing (Democratic) 45.5%


 * }

Arizona Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.

California
Note: This was the first election in which California elected representatives from congressional districts.

! California's 1st congressional district New seat
 * Cornelius Cole Redistricted from the CA's at-large congressional district.
 * | Republican
 * 1863
 * | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. New member elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Donald C. McRuer (Republican) 58.2%

Joseph B. Crockett (Democratic) 41.8%

! California's 2nd congressional district New seat
 * William Higby Redistricted from the CA's at-large congressional district.
 * | Republican
 * 1863
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Higby (Republican) 61.3%

James W. Coffroth (Democratic) 38.7%

! California's 3rd congressional district New seat
 * Thomas B. Shannon Redistricted from the CA's at-large congressional district.
 * | Republican
 * 1863
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Bidwell (Republican) 55.8%

Jackson Temple (Democratic) 44.2%


 * }

Colorado Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Dakota Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Idaho Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Massachusetts
! Massachusetts's 1st congressional district
 * Thomas D. Eliot
 * | National Union
 * 1858
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Thomas D. Eliot (National Union) 82.77%

Sylvanus B. Phinney (Democratic) 17.23%

! Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district
 * Oakes Ames
 * | National Union
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Oakes Ames (National Union) 72.07%

James Maguire (Democratic) 27.93%

! Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district
 * Alexander H. Rice
 * | National Union
 * 1858
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Alexander H. Rice (National Union) 62.35%

John S. Sleeper (Democratic) 37.65%

! Massachusetts's 4th congressional district
 * Samuel Hooper
 * | National Union
 * 1861 (special)
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel Hooper (National Union) 65.48%

Josiah Gardner Abbott (Democratic) 34.52%

! Massachusetts's 5th congressional district
 * John B. Alley
 * | National Union
 * 1858
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John B. Alley (National Union) 75.89%

Joseph B. Morse (Democratic) 24.11%

! Massachusetts's 6th congressional district
 * Daniel W. Gooch
 * | National Union
 * 1858
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Daniel W. Gooch (National Union) 71.66%

Thomas J. Greenwood (Democratic) 28.34%

! Massachusetts's 7th congressional district
 * George S. Boutwell
 * | National Union
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ George S. Boutwell (National Union) 68.99%

Theodore H. Sweetser (Democratic) 31.01%

! Massachusetts's 8th congressional district
 * John D. Baldwin
 * | National Union
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ John D. Baldwin (National Union) 74.75%

George Hodges (Democratic) 25.25%

! Massachusetts's 9th congressional district
 * William B. Washburn
 * | National Union
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William B. Washburn (National Union) 81.47%

Nathaniel Wood (Democratic) 18.53%

! Massachusetts's 10th congressional district
 * Henry Laurens Dawes
 * | National Union
 * 1856
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry L. Dawes (National Union) 64.74%

Harry Arnold (Democratic) 35.26%


 * }

Montana Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

38th Congress
On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.

! NV At-large
 * colspan=3 | New state
 * | New seat. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Henry G. Worthington (Republican) 9,776 votes

Other 6,552 votes


 * }

39th Congress
Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.

! NV At-large
 * Henry G. Worthington
 * | Republican
 * 1864 (new state)
 * | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Delos R. Ashley (Republican) 3,691 votes

Henry K. Mitchell 2,215 votes


 * }

New Mexico Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Ohio
Ohio's delegation swung from 14–5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.

! Ohio's 1st congressional district
 * George H. Pendleton
 * | Democratic
 * 1856
 * | Incumbent retired to run for Vice President. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Benjamin Eggleston (Republican) 57.0%

George E. Pugh (Democratic) 43.0%

! Ohio's 2nd congressional district
 * Alexander Long
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) 58.7%

Joseph C. Butler (Democratic) 41,3%

! Ohio's 3rd congressional district
 * Robert C. Schenck
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 55.3%

David A. Houk (Democratic) 44.7%

! Ohio's 4th congressional district
 * John F. McKinney
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ William Lawrence (Republican) 56.1%

John F. McKinney (Democratic) 43.9%

! Ohio's 5th congressional district
 * Francis C. Le Blond
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Francis C. Le Blond (Democratic) 55.2%

Moses B. Walker (Republican) 44.8%

! Ohio's 6th congressional district
 * Chilton A. White
 * | Democratic
 * 1860
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 55.4%

Chilton A. White (Democratic) 44.6%

! Ohio's 7th congressional district
 * Samuel S. Cox
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 57.1%

Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 42.9%

! Ohio's 8th congressional district
 * William Johnston
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ James R. Hubbell (Republican) 54.8%

William Johnston (Democratic) 45.2%

! Ohio's 9th congressional district
 * Warren P. Noble
 * | Democratic
 * 1860
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ralph P. Buckland (Republican) 73.6%

Warren P. Noble (Democratic) 26.4%

! Ohio's 10th congressional district
 * James M. Ashley
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James M. Ashley (Republican) 51.8%

Americus V. Rice (Democratic) 48.2%

! Ohio's 11th congressional district
 * Wells A. Hutchins
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Hezekiah S. Bundy (Republican) 59.8%

Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 40.2%

! Ohio's 12th congressional district
 * William E. Finck
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ William E. Finck (Democratic) 53.3%

Job E. Stevenson (Republican) 46.7%

! Ohio's 13th congressional district
 * John O'Neill
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Columbus Delano (Republican) 50.5%

Charles Follett (Republican) 49.5%

! Ohio's 14th congressional district
 * George Bliss
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Martin Welker (Republican) 55.5%

George Bliss (Democratic) 44.5%

! Ohio's 15th congressional district
 * James R. Morris
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Tobias A. Plants (Republican) 57.3%

James R. Morris (Democratic) 42.7%

! Ohio's 16th congressional district
 * Joseph W. White
 * | Democratic
 * 1882
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Bingham (Republican) 52.7%

Joseph W. White (Democratic) 47.3%

! Ohio's 17th congressional district
 * Ephraim R. Eckley
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ephraim R. Eckley (Republican) 59.3%

Jonathan H. Wallace (Democratic) 40.7%

! Ohio's 18th congressional district
 * Rufus P. Spalding
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Rufus P. Spalding (Republican) 68.5%

Jeptha Wade (Democratic) 31.5%

! Ohio's 19th congressional district
 * James A. Garfield
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ James A. Garfield (Republican) 74.1%

Halsey H. Moses (Democratic) 25.9%


 * }

Tennessee
Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.

! TN's 1st congressional district
 * rowspan=8 colspan=3 align="center" | None (vacant due to Civil War)
 * rowspan=8 align="center" |New members elected. Unionist gain.
 * nowrap |

✅ Nathaniel G. Taylor (Unionist) 46.39%

J. K. Miller (Conservative) 38.98%

James H. Randolph (Unknown) 14.41%

Thomas D. Arnold (Unknown) 0.23%

! TN's 2nd congressional district
 * nowrap |

✅ Horace Maynard (Unionist) 55.97%

Joseph A. Cooper (Conservative) 18.17%

Leonidas C. Houk (Unionist) 14.54%

Robert K. Byrd (Unionist) 9.46%

William Heiskell (Opposition) 1.70%

[FNU] Wills (Unionist) 0.16%

! TN's 3rd congressional district
 * nowrap |

✅ William B. Stokes (Unionist) 56.75%

Asa Faulkner (Conservative) 32.48%

John R. Hood (Unknown) 10.77%

! TN's 4th congressional district
 * nowrap |

✅ Edmund Cooper (Unionist) 97.17%

James Mullins (Unknown) 2.83%

! TN's 5th congressional district
 * nowrap |

✅ William B. Campbell (Unionist) 78.46%

Sand J. Carter (Unionist) 21.35%

Scattering 0.19%

! TN's 6th congressional district

✅ Samuel M. Arnell (Unionist) 74.79%

Dorsey B. Thomas (Conservative) 25.21%

! TN's 7th congressional district
 * nowrap |

✅ Isaac R. Hawkins (Unionist) 64.62%

Emerson Etheridge (Conservative) 35.38%

! TN's 8th congressional district
 * nowrap |

✅ John W. Leftwich (Unionist) 47.99%

John Bullock (Unionist) 17.21%

R. S. Saunders (Unknown) 16.87%

William C. Dunlap (Conservative) 15.06%

William Hunter (Unknown) 2.87%


 * }

Utah Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

Washington Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia
! WV's 1st congressional district
 * Jacob B. Blair
 * | Unconditional Unionist
 * 1863
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unconditional Unionist hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Chester D. Hubbard (Unconditional Unionist) 62.52%

Samuel Crane (Independent) 37.48%

! WV's 2nd congressional district
 * William G. Brown Sr.
 * | Unconditional Unionist
 * 1863
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unconditional Unionist hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ George R. Latham (Unconditional Unionist) 84.46%

William B. Zinn (Independent) 10.75%

Fontain Smith (Independent) 4.39%

W. S. Richardson (Independent) 0.40%

! WV's 3rd congressional district
 * Kellian Whaley
 * | Unconditional Unionist
 * 1863
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Kellian Whaley (Unconditional Unionist) 66.79%

John M. Phelps (Independent) 33.21%


 * }

Wisconsin
Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.

! Wisconsin's 1st congressional district
 * James S. Brown
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent withdrew from election. New member elected. National Union gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Halbert E. Paine (National Union) 50.9%

John W. Cary (Democratic) 49.1%

! Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district
 * Ithamar Sloan
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Ithamar Sloan (National Union) 60.3%

George Baldwin Smith (Democratic) 39.7%

! Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district
 * Amasa Cobb
 * | Republican
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Amasa Cobb (National Union) 63.2%

Charles Rodolf (Democratic) 36.8%

! Wisconsin's 4th congressional district
 * Charles A. Eldredge
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * Incumbent re-elected.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 58.9%

A. Scott Sloan (National Union) 41.1%

! Wisconsin's 5th congressional district
 * Ezra Wheeler
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. National Union gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Philetus Sawyer (National Union) 56.8%

Gabriel Bouck (Democratic) 43.2%

! Wisconsin's 6th congressional district
 * Walter D. McIndoe
 * | Republican
 * 1862 Special
 * | Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Walter D. McIndoe (National Union) 66.3%

Henry Reed (Democratic) 33.7%


 * }

38th Congress
! Arizona Territory At-large
 * colspan=3 | New district
 * | New seat. New delegate elected on an unknown date in 1864. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Charles Debrille Poston (Republican) 40.62%

! Montana Territory At-large
 * colspan=3 | New district
 * | New seat. New delegate elected. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap |

✅ Samuel McLean (Democratic) 59.39%

Wilbur F. Sanders (Republican) 40.62%


 * }

39th Congress
! Arizona Territory At-large
 * Charles Debrille Poston
 * | Republican
 * 1864
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected September 6, 1865. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ John Noble Goodwin (Republican)

Charles Debrille Poston (Republican)

! Colorado Territory At-large
 * Hiram Pitt Bennet
 * | Conservative Republican
 * 1861
 * | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Allen Alexander Bradford (Republican)

! Dakota Territory At-large
 * John B. S. Todd
 * | Democratic
 * 1862
 * | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Walter A. Burleigh (Republican)

John B. S. Todd (Democratic)

! Idaho Territory At-large
 * William H. Wallace
 * | Unionist
 * 1860 (Wash. Territory) 1862 (unknown) 1863
 * | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New delegate elected October 10, 1864. Democratic gain.
 * nowrap | ✅ Edward D. Holbrook (Democratic) 53.33%

Samuel C. Parks (Unionist) 46.67%

! Montana Territory At-large
 * Samuel McLean
 * | Democratic
 * 1864
 * Incumbent re-elected to the term starting March 4, 1865.
 * nowrap |

✅ Samuel McLean (Democratic) 61.12%

Gad E. Upson (Republican) 38.88%

! Nebraska Territory At-large
 * Samuel Gordon Daily
 * | Republican
 * 1860 (won contest)
 * | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New delegate elected on an unknown date. Republican hold.
 * nowrap | ✅ Phineas Warren Hitchcock (Republican) 53.33%

! New Mexico Territory At-large

! Utah Territory At-large

! Washington Territory At-large


 * }