1882 in science

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

 * September – Great Comet of 1882 sighted.
 * December 6 – Transit of Venus, 1882.

Biology

 * March 24 – Robert Koch announces his discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 * Élie Metchnikoff discovers phagocytosis.

Chemistry

 * Italian physicist Luigi Palmieri detects helium on Earth for the first time through its D3 spectral line when he analyzes the lava of Mount Vesuvius.

Earth sciences

 * Clarence Dutton's Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District is published by the United States Geological Survey.

Mathematics

 * June – German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes proof that $π$ is a transcendental number and that squaring the circle is consequently impossible.
 * December – Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler establishes the journal Acta Mathematica.
 * Felix Klein first describes the Klein bottle.

Medicine

 * March 28 – Paul Beiersdorf patents an adhesive bandage in Germany, the foundation of the Beiersdorf company.
 * Vladimir Bekhterev publishes Provodiashchie puti mozga ("The Conduction Paths in the Brain and Spinal Cord"), beginning to note the role of the hippocampus in memory.

Technology

 * January 12 – Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.
 * By March – Étienne-Jules Marey invents a chronophotographic gun capable of photographing 12 consecutive frames per second on the same plate.
 * April 29 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates his Electromote, the first form of trolleybus, in Berlin.
 * June 6 – Henry W. Seeley patents the electric clothes iron in the United States.
 * September 4 – Thomas Edison starts the United States' first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan.
 * English mechanical engineer James Atkinson invents his "Differential Engine".
 * American electrical engineer Schuyler Wheeler produces an electric fan.
 * Alfred P. Southwick publishes his proposals for use of the electric chair as an execution method in the United States.

Events

 * First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
 * The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys, is founded in the United Kingdom.

Awards

 * Copley Medal: Arthur Cayley
 * Wollaston Medal for Geology: Franz Ritter von Hauer

Births

 * March 14 – Wacław Sierpiński (died 1969), Polish mathematician.
 * March 23 – Emmy Noether (died 1935), German mathematician.
 * March 30 – Melanie Klein (died 1960), Viennese-born psychoanalyst.
 * April 27 – Harry Allan (died 1957), New Zealand botanist.
 * June 17 – Harold Gillies (died 1960), New Zealand-born plastic surgeon.
 * July 12 – Traian Lalescu (died 1929), Romanian mathematician.
 * July 21 – Herbert E. Ives (died 1953), American optical engineer.
 * September 30 – Hans Geiger (died 1945), German inventor of the Geiger counter.
 * October 5 – Robert Goddard (died 1945), American rocket scientist.
 * October 26 – Marietta Pallis (died 1963), Indian-born Graeco-British ecologist.
 * November 18 – Frances Gertrude McGill (died 1959), pioneering Canadian forensic pathologist.
 * December 11 – Max Born (died 1970), German physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1954.
 * December 28 – Arthur Eddington (died 1944), English astrophysicist.
 * Israel Aharoni (died 1946), Belarusian-born Jewish zoologist.

Deaths

 * January 11 – Theodor Schwann (born 1810), German physiologist.
 * April 19 – Charles Darwin (born 1809), English naturalist and geologist.
 * August 24 – John Dillwyn Llewelyn (born 1810), Welsh botanist and photographer.
 * September 23 – Friedrich Wöhler (born 1800), German chemist.
 * October 27 – Christian Heinrich von Nagel (born 1803), German geometer.
 * November 20 – Henry Draper (born 1837), doctor, American astronomer.
 * December 24
 * Johann Benedict Listing (born 1808), German mathematician.
 * Charles Vincent Walker (born 1812), English telegraph engineer.