1906 in Brazil

Events in the year 1906 in Brazil.

Federal government

 * President: Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves (till 14 November); Afonso Pena (from 15 November)
 * Vice President: Afonso Pena (till 14 November); Nilo Peçanha (from 15 November)

Governors

 * Alagoas: Antônio Máximo da Cunha Rego (till 12 June); Euclid Vieira Malta (from 12 June)
 * Amazonas: Antônio Constantino Néri
 * Bahia: José Marcelino de Sousa
 * Ceará: Antônio Nogueira Accioli
 * Goiás: Miguel da Rocha Lima
 * Maranhão: Manuel Lopes da Cunha (till 1 March); Benedito Pereira Leite (from 1 March)
 * Mato Grosso: Antônio Pais de Barros, then Pedro Leite Osório
 * Minas Gerais: Francisco Salles (till 7 September); João Pinheiro da Silva (from 7 September)
 * Pará: Augusto Montenegro
 * Paraíba: Valfredo Leal
 * Paraná: Vicente Machado da Silva Lima; João Cândido Ferreira
 * Pernambuco: Sigismundo Antônio Gonçalves
 * Piauí: Álvaro de Assis Osório Mendes
 * Rio Grande do Norte: Augusto Tavares Lira (till 5 November); Manuel Moreira Dias (from 5 November)
 * Rio Grande do Sul: Antônio Augusto Borges de Medeiros
 * Santa Catarina:
 * São Paulo:
 * Sergipe:

Vice governors

 * Rio Grande do Norte:
 * São Paulo:

January

 * 21 January: The Brazilian battleship Aquidabã sinks, after its powder magazines explode near the Jacuacanga strait, in Angra dos Reis bay. A total of 212 people are killed, including three admirals and most of the ship's officers; 98 survive.

March

 * 1 March: In the presidential election, Afonso Pena of the Mineiro Republican Party receives 97.9% of the vote.

May

 * 5 May: The Treaty of Limits between Brazil and the Netherlands is signed in Rio de Janeiro, establishing the international boundary between Brazil and the Dutch colony of Suriname.

October

 * 23 October: An aeroplane of Alberto Santos-Dumont takes off at Bagatelle in France and flies 60 meters (200 feet). This is the first officially recorded powered flight in Europe.

November

 * 9 November: The Brazilian Flag Anthem ("Hino à Bandeira Nacional"), with lyrics by Olavo Bilac and music by Francisco Braga, is performed for the first time.
 * 15 November: Afonso Pena becomes the sixth president of Brazil.

Births

 * 27 January - Radamés Gnattali, conductor and composer (died 1988)
 * 23 June - Lima Barreto, film director and screenwriter (died 1982)
 * 30 July - Mário Quintana, writer and translator (died 1994)
 * 14 September - Flávio Costa, football player and manager (died 1999)

Deaths

 * 7 October - Domingos Olímpio, novelist (born 1851)