1908 in Brazil

Events in the year 1908 in Brazil.

Federal government

 * President: Afonso Pena
 * Vice President: Nilo Peçanha

Governors

 * Alagoas: Euclid Vieira Malta
 * Amazonas: Antônio Constantino Néri (till 23 July); Antônio Clemente Ribeiro Bittencourt (from 23 July)
 * Bahia: José Marcelino de Sousa, then João Ferreira de Araújo Pinho
 * Ceará: Antônio Nogueira Accioli (till 12 July); Antônio Nogueira Accioli (from 12 July)
 * Goiás: Miguel da Rocha Lima
 * Maranhão: Benedito Pereira Leite (till 25 May); Arthur Collares (from 25 May)
 * Mato Grosso: Generoso Pais Leme de Sousa Ponce, then Pedro Celestino Corrêa da Costa
 * Minas Gerais: João Pinheiro da Silva (till 25 October); Júlio Bueno Brandão (from 27 October)
 * Pará: Augusto Montenegro
 * Paraíba: Valfredo Leal (till 28 October); João Lopes Machado (from 28 October)
 * Paraná: Joaquim Monteiro de Carvalho e Silva; Manuel de Alencar Guimarães; Francisco Xavier da Silva
 * Pernambuco: Sigismundo Antônio Gonçalves (till 7 April); Herculano Bandeira de Melo (from 7 April)
 * Piauí: Areolino Antônio de Abreu (till 31 March); José Lourenço de Morais e Silva (31 March - 1 July); Anísio Auto de Abreu (from 1 July)
 * Rio Grande do Norte: Antonio José de Melo e Sousa (till 25 March); Alberto Maranhão (from 25 March)
 * Rio Grande do Sul: Antônio Augusto Borges de Medeiros (till 25 January); Carlos Barbosa Gonçalves (from 25 January)
 * Santa Catarina:
 * São Paulo:
 * Sergipe:

Vice governors

 * Rio Grande do Norte:
 * São Paulo:

Events

 * 23 May - Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro becomes the 13th president (governor) of the state of Espírito Santo.

June

 * 16 June: The Kasato Maru arrives at the Port of Santos with the first official group of Japanese immigrants to Brazil.
 * 2 July - The Argentina national football team begins a tour of Brazil, winning six and drawing one of the seven friendly games played in 13 days.
 * 11 August - 15 November - The Exhibition of the centenary of the opening of the Ports of Brazil was held in Urca, Rio de Janeiro.
 * 10 September - The first Minas Geraes-class Dreadnought battleship for Brazil, Minas Geraes, is launched at Armstrong Whitworth's yard on the River Tyne in England, catalysing the "South American dreadnought race".
 * 30 October - Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, renounces his claim on the Brazilian throne in order to marry Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz.
 * 15 November - The emergence of Umbanda through Zélio Fernandino de Moraes.

Births

 * 3 February - Dulcina de Moraes, stage actress and director (died 1996)
 * 12 February - Olga Benário Prestes, German-Brazilian communist militant (in Munich; died 1942)
 * 8 June - Inah Canabarro Lucas, Supercentenarian and Nun
 * 27 June - João Guimarães Rosa, novelist (died 1967)
 * 5 September - Josué de Castro, activist (died 1973)
 * 14 September - Maria Luisa Monteiro da Cunha, librarian (died 1980)
 * 25 October - Blessed Adílio Daronch, student (died 1924)
 * 28 November - Vitorino de Brito Freire, politician (died 1977)
 * 13 December - Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira, Catholic intellectual and politician (died 1995)

Deaths

 * 29 September - Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, novelist, poet, playwright, short story writer, and monarchist (born 1839)
 * 22 October - Artur Azevedo, dramatist, short story writer, chronicler, journalist and poet of the Parnassian school (born 1855)