1909 in Brazil

Events of the year 1909 in the Brazil.

Federal government

 * President: Afonso Pena (until 14 June); Nilo Peçanha (starting 14 June)
 * Vice President: Nilo Peçanha (until 14 June); vacant (starting 14 June)

Governors

 * Alagoas:
 * till 3 March: Euclid Vieira Malta
 * 3 March-12 June: José Miguel de Vasconcelos
 * from 12 June: Euclid Vieira Malta
 * Amazonas: Antônio Clemente Ribeiro Bittencourt
 * Bahia: João Ferreira de Araújo Pinho
 * Ceará: Antônio Nogueira Accioli
 * Goiás:
 * until March 11: Miguel da Rocha Lima
 * March 11 - May 1: Francisco Bertoldo de Sousa
 * May 1 - July 24: José da Silva Batista
 * From July 24: Urbano Coelho de Gouveia
 * Maranhão:
 * until February 25: Arthur Collares
 * February 25 - June 29: Mariano Martins Lisboa Neto
 * from June 29: Américo Vespúcio dos Reis
 * Mato Grosso: Pedro Celestino Corrêa da Costa
 * Minas Gerais:
 * until 3 April: Júlio Bueno Brandão
 * from 3 April: Venceslau Brás
 * Pará:
 * until 1 February: Augusto Montenegro
 * from 1 February: João Antônio Luís Coelho
 * Paraíba: João Lopes Machado
 * Paraná: Francisco Xavier da Silva
 * Pernambuco: Herculano Bandeira de Melo
 * Piauí:
 * until 5 December: Anísio Auto de Abreu
 * from 5 December: Manuel Raimundo da Paz
 * Rio Grande do Norte: Alberto Maranhão
 * Rio Grande do Sul: Carlos Barbosa Gonçalves
 * Santa Catarina:
 * São Paulo:
 * Sergipe:

Vice governors

 * Rio Grande do Norte:
 * São Paulo:

January

 * 17 January: The Federal University of Amazonas is founded.
 * 20 January: Brazil's new cruiser, Bahia, is launched.

April

 * 14 April: Physician Carlos Chagas discovers a tropical parasitic disease caused by the flagellated cinetoplastid protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, in the mining town of Lassance.
 * 19 April: Brazil's new battleship, São Paulo, is launched at Barrow-in-Furness, UK, by Regis de Oliveira, the wife of Brazil's minister to Great Britain.

May

 * 17 May: The football club Paulista Futebol Clube is founded.

September

 * 8 September: The Velarde-Río Branco treaty between Brazil and Peru is signed, establishing borders south of the Yavarí.
 * 19 September: The country's first automobile race is held at the São Gonçalo circuit in Rio de Janeiro.

February

 * 7 February - Hélder Câmara, Catholic archbishop (died 1999)
 * 21 February - Mário Wallace Simonsen, businessman (died 1965)

August

 * 4 August - Roberto Burle Marx, landscape architect (died 1994)

September

 * 13 September - Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, claimant to the abolished imperial throne of Brazil (in France; died 1981).
 * 26 September - Geraldo de Proença Sigaud, Archbishop of Diamantina 1960-1980 (died 1999)

November

 * 21 November - Octacílio Pinheiro Guerra, footballer (died 1967)

Deaths

 * 6 March - João Barbosa Rodrigues, botanist and engineer (born 1842)
 * 14 June - Afonso Pena, lawyer and politician, President of Brazil (born 1847)
 * 15 August - Euclides da Cunha, journalist, sociologist and engineer (born 1866)
 * 27 November - Prince Luigi, Count of Roccaguglielma, son of Princess Januária of Brazil (born 1845)