1931 in the Soviet Union

The following lists events that happened during 1931 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Incumbents

 * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
 * Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin
 * Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov

March

 * 1–8 March – The 1931 Menshevik Trial is held.

April

 * 27 April – 1931 Zangezur earthquake

Births

 * 1 January – Anatoli Ivanovich Bogdanov, Olympic shooter (died 2001)
 * 17 January – Yury Rudov, Olympic fencer (died 2013)
 * 21 January – Tatjana Michaylovna Zacharova, production worker, author and politician
 * 22 January – Galina Zybina, Olympic athlete
 * 1 February – Boris Yeltsin, first President of Russia (died 2007)
 * 2 March – Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union (died 2022)
 * 13 March – Alisa Aksyonova, museum director
 * 23 March – Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Olympic skier
 * 29 March – Aleksei Gubarev, cosmonaut
 * 7 April – Lyubov Vorona, Ukrainian farm worker and politician (died 2021)
 * 27 April – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist
 * 25 May – Georgy Grechko, cosmonaut
 * 25 June – Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin, mathematician
 * 27 June – Anatoli Ilyin, footballer
 * 24 September – Mark Midler, Olympic fencer
 * 28 September – Emma Yefimova, Olympic fencer
 * 1 November – Dmitri Bashkirov, pianist (died 2021)
 * 21 November – Revaz Dogonadze, Georgian physicist (died 1985)

Deaths

 * 23 January – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina, died in The Hague (born 1881)
 * 15 August – Nigar Shikhlinskaya, first Azerbaijani nurse (born 1871 or 1878)