1934 in the Soviet Union

The following lists events that happened during 1934 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Incumbents

 * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
 * Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets – Mikhail Kalinin
 * Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Vyacheslav Molotov

Events

 * 26 Jan–10 Feb – 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
 * 18 September – Soviet Union joins the League of Nations as a permanent Board member

Undated

 * Plans for the new T-34 tank are first drawn up
 * Second Five Year plan underway

Births

 * 7 January – Viktor Pavlovich Potapov, military officer (d. 2021)
 * 1 February – Marina Kondratyeva, ballerina (d. 2024)
 * 2 February – Otar Iosseliani, Georgian film director (d. 2023 in Georgia)
 * 9 March – Yuri Gagarin, first man in space (d. 1968 in the Soviet Union)
 * 23 March – Ludvig Faddeev, physicist and mathematician (d. 2017)
 * 7 April – Lev Anninsky, Russian literary critic, historian and screenwriter (d. 2019)
 * 4 May – Tatiana Samoilova, actress (d. 2014)
 * 8 May – Anastasiya Kobzarenko, librarian
 * 29 August – Gennady Kazmin, politician (d. 2018)
 * 4 September – Eduard Khil, baritone (d. 2012)
 * 13 September – Tamara Milashkina, soprano (d. 2024)
 * 16 September – Tamara Manina, artistic gymnast
 * 8 December – Alisa Freindlich, actress

Deaths

 * 6 July – Nestor Makhno, anarchist, in exile (b. 1888)
 * 1 December – Sergei Kirov, Bolshevik revolutionary and politician, assassinated (b. 1886)