1959 Manitoba general election

The 1959 Manitoba general election was held on May 14, 1959 to elect 57 members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. It resulted in a majority victory for the incumbent Progressive Conservatives under the leadership of Premier Dufferin Roblin. It was the first time since the 1914 election that the PCs won an outright majority in the province, when they were led by Dufferin Roblin's grandfather, Sir Rodmond Roblin.

Roblin's PCs won 36 seats against 11 for the Liberal-Progressives, led by former Premier Douglas Campbell, and 10 for the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation led by Lloyd Stinson. The PCs took 25 percent more votes than it had received in the previous election just one year beforenbut took 40 percent more seats than it had won in 1958. They had won 117,822 votes in 1958, compared to 147,000 in 1959.

The Manitoba Social Credit Party, which won 2 seats in the 1958 election, did not contest any seats during the election and regained a foothold in the legislature only during a subsequent by-election. The communist Labor-Progressive Party contested three ridings but did not win any.

The election is the last one to be fought by candidates with the "Liberal-Progressive," "Co-operative Commonwealth," or "Labor-Progressive" labels in Manitoba. The Liberal-Progressives dropped the latter half in 1961 and ran all subsequent elections as "Liberals." Similarly, the Labor-Progressive candidates returned to the "Communist" label. The CCF changed its name following the national party's re-incorporation into the New Democratic Party and ran all future elections as Manitoba New Democrats.

Northern Manitoba
1,587 954 1,810 1,728 923 2,268 587 393 2,345 1,027 779
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Churchill
 * John Ingebrigtson
 * John Ingebrigtson
 * John Ingebrigtson
 * Kenneth D. Wray
 * Kenneth D. Wray
 * E.J. Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Flin Flon
 * Charles Witney
 * E.J. Williams
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Flin Flon
 * Charles Witney
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Flin Flon
 * Charles Witney
 * Charles Witney
 * Charles Witney
 * Francis Jobin
 * Francis Jobin
 * Frederick S. Pope
 * Frederick S. Pope
 * Francis Jobin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rupertsland
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Francis Jobin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rupertsland
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * Harry Boulette
 * Harry Boulette
 * Alfred J. Cook
 * Alfred J. Cook
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|The Pas
 * John Carroll
 * Joseph Jeannotte
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|The Pas
 * John Carroll
 * John Carroll
 * John Carroll
 * Marvin Hill
 * Marvin Hill
 * Peter Schewchuk
 * Peter Schewchuk
 * John Carroll
 * }
 * John Carroll
 * }
 * }

Southern Manitoba
2,513 1,932 556 2,239 2,015 947 5,452 2,159 1,415 1,409 1,083 2,107 1,791 2,397 2,951 1,781 2,951 967 1,233 2,077 1,923 167 2,190 2,752 1,001 1,856 1,590 1,361 1,028 1,777 2,570 1,007 932 2,318 2,469 415 2,377 2,136 440 1,357 1,272 1,018 346 1,774 1,896 278 1,581 1,799 2,386 2,029 1,090 1,905 1,298 3,077 1,199 2,300 1,827 416 1,462 1,648 1,946 1,334 1,569 2,545 1,843 632 2,269 2,143 444 1,371 2,279 255 1,576 2,390 353 1,732 1,814 872 2,688 1,448 1,878 1,507 772 2,292 786 1,431 3,247 1,187 3,097 1,337
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Arthur
 * John Cobb
 * John Cobb
 * John Cobb
 * John McRae
 * John McRae
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * William G. Powne (Ind.)
 * John Cobb
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Birtle-Russell
 * Robert Smellie
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Birtle-Russell
 * Robert Smellie
 * Robert Smellie
 * Rodney Clement
 * Rodney Clement
 * Michael Sotas
 * Michael Sotas
 * Rodney Clement
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brandon
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Rodney Clement
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brandon
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * Gordon A. Phillips
 * Gordon A. Phillips
 * Hans Fries
 * Hans Fries
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brokenhead
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Reginald Lissaman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Brokenhead
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Gordon B. Burnett
 * Arthur Trapp
 * Arthur Trapp
 * Ed Schreyer
 * Ed Schreyer
 * Ed Schreyer
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Carillon
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Ed Schreyer
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Carillon
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Peter J. Thiessen
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Cypress
 * Marcel Boulic
 * Edmond Prefontaine
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Cypress
 * Marcel Boulic
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Cypress
 * Marcel Boulic
 * Marcel Boulic
 * Marcel Boulic
 * John Leslie Sundell
 * John Leslie Sundell
 * Marcel Boulic
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dauphin
 * Stewart McLean
 * Marcel Boulic
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dauphin
 * Stewart McLean
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dauphin
 * Stewart McLean
 * Stewart McLean
 * Stewart McLean
 * Emma Hildegard Ringstrom
 * Emma Hildegard Ringstrom
 * A. Clifford Matthews
 * A. Clifford Matthews
 * Stewart McLean
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dufferin
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * Stewart McLean
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Dufferin
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * William Homer Hamilton
 * Walter McDonald
 * Walter McDonald
 * Chester Ernest Johnson
 * Chester Ernest Johnson
 * Walter McDonald
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Emerson
 * Ben Comeaux
 * Walter McDonald
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Emerson
 * Ben Comeaux
 * Ben Comeaux
 * Ben Comeaux
 * John Tanchak
 * John Tanchak
 * John Tanchak
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ethelbert Plains
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * John Tanchak
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ethelbert Plains
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ethelbert Plains
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * Isadore Syrnyk
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * Peter Burtniak
 * Peter Burtniak
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fisher
 * Roy Ellison
 * Michael Hryhorczuk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fisher
 * Roy Ellison
 * Roy Ellison
 * Roy Ellison
 * W.J. Griffin, Jr.
 * W.J. Griffin, Jr.
 * Peter Wagner
 * Peter Wagner
 * Peter Wagner
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gimli
 * George Johnson
 * Peter Wagner
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gimli
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * Alex Hawrysh
 * Alex Hawrysh
 * Zado Zator
 * Zado Zator
 * George Johnson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gladstone
 * Earl Murray
 * George Johnson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Gladstone
 * Earl Murray
 * Earl Murray
 * Earl Murray
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * Della Yuel
 * Della Yuel
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Hamiota
 * Barry Strickland
 * Nelson Shoemaker
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Hamiota
 * Barry Strickland
 * Barry Strickland
 * Barry Strickland
 * James Chester Scott
 * James Chester Scott
 * Arthur Nicholson
 * Arthur Nicholson
 * Barry Strickland
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lac du Bonnet
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * Barry Strickland
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lac du Bonnet
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * Oscar Bjornson
 * John Ateah
 * John Ateah
 * Donald H. MacLean
 * Donald H. MacLean
 * Stanley Copp (Ind.)
 * Stanley Copp (Ind.)
 * Arthur Trapp
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lakeside
 * John Frederick Bate
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Lakeside
 * John Frederick Bate
 * John Frederick Bate
 * Douglas Campbell
 * Douglas Campbell
 * Allen Werbiski
 * Allen Werbiski
 * Douglas Campbell
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|La Verendrye
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Douglas Campbell
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|La Verendrye
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Edmund Guertin
 * Stan Roberts
 * Stan Roberts
 * Stan Roberts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Minnedosa
 * Walter Weir
 * Stan Roberts
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Minnedosa
 * Walter Weir
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Minnedosa
 * Walter Weir
 * Walter Weir
 * Walter Weir
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * J.M. Lee
 * J.M. Lee
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Morris
 * Harry Shewman
 * Charles L. Shuttleworth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Morris
 * Harry Shewman
 * Harry Shewman
 * Harry Shewman
 * Bruce MacKenzie
 * Bruce MacKenzie
 * Harry Shewman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Pembina
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Harry Shewman
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Pembina
 * Maurice Ridley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Pembina
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Maurice Ridley
 * Lynwood Graham
 * Lynwood Graham
 * Maurice Ridley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Portage la Prairie
 * John Christianson
 * Maurice Ridley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Portage la Prairie
 * John Christianson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Portage la Prairie
 * John Christianson
 * John Christianson
 * John Christianson
 * Charles Greenlay
 * Charles Greenlay
 * Fred Allan Tufford
 * Fred Allan Tufford
 * Charles Greenlay
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rhineland
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Charles Greenlay
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rhineland
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Leo Recksiedler
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Roblin
 * Keith Alexander
 * Wallace C. Miller
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Roblin
 * Keith Alexander
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Roblin
 * Keith Alexander
 * Keith Alexander
 * Keith Alexander
 * Ray Mitchell
 * Ray Mitchell
 * Joseph Perchaluk
 * Joseph Perchaluk
 * Keith Alexander
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rock Lake
 * Abram Harrison
 * Keith Alexander
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rock Lake
 * Abram Harrison
 * Abram Harrison
 * Abram Harrison
 * Walter Clark
 * Walter Clark
 * Cyril Hamwee
 * Cyril Hamwee
 * Abram Harrison
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rockwood-Iberville
 * George Hutton
 * Abram Harrison
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Rockwood-Iberville
 * George Hutton
 * George Hutton
 * George Hutton
 * Robert Bend
 * Robert Bend
 * Samuel Cranston
 * Samuel Cranston
 * Robert Bend
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. George
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Robert Bend
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. George
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Ivan George Casselman
 * Elman Guttormson
 * Elman Guttormson
 * Nellie Baker
 * Nellie Baker
 * Elman Guttormson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ste. Rose
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Elman Guttormson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Ste. Rose
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Albert Fletcher
 * Gildas Molgat
 * Gildas Molgat
 * Leon W. Hoefer
 * Leon W. Hoefer
 * Gildas Molgat
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Selkirk
 * Edward Foster
 * Gildas Molgat
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Selkirk
 * Edward Foster
 * Edward Foster
 * Edward Foster
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * Scottie Bryce
 * Scottie Bryce
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Souris-Lansdowne
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * Thomas P. Hillhouse
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Souris-Lansdowne
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * George Adrian Griffith
 * George Adrian Griffith
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Springfield
 * Fred Klym
 * Malcolm McKellar
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Springfield
 * Fred Klym
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Springfield
 * Fred Klym
 * Fred Klym
 * Fred Klym
 * William Lucko
 * William Lucko
 * Richard Loeb
 * Richard Loeb
 * William Lucko
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Swan River
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * William Lucko
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Swan River
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * Arvid Burst
 * Arvid Burst
 * Hilliard Farriss
 * Hilliard Farriss
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Turtle Mountain
 * Errick Willis
 * Albert H.C. Corbett
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Turtle Mountain
 * Errick Willis
 * Errick Willis
 * Errick Willis
 * Walter Christianson
 * Walter Christianson
 * Errick Willis
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Virden
 * John Thompson
 * Errick Willis
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Virden
 * John Thompson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Virden
 * John Thompson
 * John Thompson
 * John Thompson
 * John Wesley Clarke
 * John Wesley Clarke
 * John Thompson
 * }
 * John Thompson
 * }
 * John Thompson
 * }
 * }
 * }

Winnipeg
3,157 1,388 2,940 269 1,286 1,155 2,235 675 2,560 1,488 2,782 4,842 2,035 1,373 4,352 1,947 1,425 2,106 981 3,635 468 3,511 1,972 3,659 1,921 873 2,098 3,808 1,166 3,482 2,998 2,029 4,085 4,936 3,060 478 2,992 3,772 1,309 3,616 1,541 2,348 2,010 854 2,261 588 3,635 1,900 2,090 4,599 1,946 353 1,973 1,343 3,889 3,082 1,624 2,854 3,712 1,462 1,474 4,351 1,707 1,131
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Assiniboia
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * George Johnson
 * Jack Brownrigg
 * Jack Brownrigg
 * Donovan Swailes
 * Donovan Swailes
 * George R.A. Brown (Ind.)
 * George R.A. Brown (Ind.)
 * Donovan Swailes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Burrows
 * Andrew Zaharychuk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Burrows
 * Andrew Zaharychuk
 * Andrew Zaharychuk
 * Joseph R. Hnidan
 * Joseph R. Hnidan
 * John Hawryluk
 * John Hawryluk
 * William Cecil Ross (LPP)
 * William Cecil Ross (LPP)
 * John Hawryluk
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Elmwood
 * Henry Emerson Snyder
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Elmwood
 * Henry Emerson Snyder
 * Henry Emerson Snyder
 * Alex Turk
 * Alex Turk
 * Steve Peters
 * Steve Peters
 * Steve Peters
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Garry
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Steve Peters
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Garry
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Sterling Lyon
 * Stanley Farwell
 * Stanley Farwell
 * Nena Woodward
 * Nena Woodward
 * Sterling Lyon
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Rouge
 * Gurney Evans
 * Sterling Lyon
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Fort Rouge
 * Gurney Evans
 * Gurney Evans
 * Gurney Evans
 * Jerome Marrin
 * Jerome Marrin
 * Robert C. Murdoch
 * Robert C. Murdoch
 * Gurney Evans
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Inkster
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * Gurney Evans
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Inkster
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * Mary A. Wawrykow
 * John A. Kolt
 * John A. Kolt
 * Morris Gray
 * Morris Gray
 * L.W. Kaminski (LPP)
 * L.W. Kaminski (LPP)
 * Morris Gray
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Kildonan
 * John Ernest Willis
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Kildonan
 * John Ernest Willis
 * John Ernest Willis
 * Cornelius Huebert
 * Cornelius Huebert
 * A.J. Reid
 * A.J. Reid
 * A.J. Reid
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Logan
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * A.J. Reid
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Logan
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * Albert Edward Bennett
 * John Kozoriz
 * John Kozoriz
 * Lemuel Harris
 * Lemuel Harris
 * Stephen Juba
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Osborne
 * Obie Baizley
 * Stephen Juba
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Osborne
 * Obie Baizley
 * Obie Baizley
 * Obie Baizley
 * David Bowman
 * David Bowman
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Radisson
 * Harold Huppe
 * Lloyd Stinson
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Radisson
 * Harold Huppe
 * Harold Huppe
 * Harold Huppe
 * Nick Slotek
 * Nick Slotek
 * Russell Paulley
 * Russell Paulley
 * Russell Paulley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|River Heights
 * W.B. Scarth
 * Russell Paulley
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|River Heights
 * W.B. Scarth
 * W.B. Scarth
 * W.B. Scarth
 * Keith Routley
 * Keith Routley
 * Magnus Eliason
 * Magnus Eliason
 * W.B. Scarth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Boniface
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * W.B. Scarth
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Boniface
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * Harry De Leeuw
 * Laurent Desjardins
 * Laurent Desjardins
 * Benjamin Cyr
 * Benjamin Cyr
 * Roger Teillet
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. James
 * Douglas Stanes
 * Roger Teillet
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. James
 * Douglas Stanes
 * Douglas Stanes
 * Douglas Stanes
 * David Graham
 * David Graham
 * Al Mackling
 * Al Mackling
 * Douglas Stanes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Johns
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Douglas Stanes
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Johns
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Dan Zaharia
 * Abe Yanofsky
 * Abe Yanofsky
 * David Orlikow
 * David Orlikow
 * Jacob Penner (LPP)
 * Jacob Penner (LPP)
 * David Orkilow
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Matthews
 * William Martin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Matthews
 * William Martin
 * William Martin
 * Paul Goodman
 * Paul Goodman
 * Gordon Fines
 * Gordon Fines
 * William Martin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Vital
 * Fred Groves
 * William Martin
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|St. Vital
 * Fred Groves
 * Fred Groves
 * Fred Groves
 * George R. D. Goulet
 * George R. D. Goulet
 * Joseph Trafer
 * Joseph Trafer
 * Fred Groves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Seven Oaks
 * Charles Nye
 * Fred Groves
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Seven Oaks
 * Charles Nye
 * Charles Nye
 * Charles Nye
 * Calvin Scarfe
 * Calvin Scarfe
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wellington
 * Richard Seaborn
 * Arthur E. Wright
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wellington
 * Richard Seaborn
 * Richard Seaborn
 * Richard Seaborn
 * William Norrie
 * William Norrie
 * James McIsaac
 * James McIsaac
 * Richard Seaborn
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Winnipeg Centre
 * James Cowan
 * Richard Seaborn
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Winnipeg Centre
 * James Cowan
 * James Cowan
 * James Cowan
 * Gurzon Harvey
 * Gurzon Harvey
 * Fred Paulley
 * Fred Paulley
 * James Cowan
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wolseley
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * James Cowan
 * style="background:whitesmoke;"|Wolseley
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * Francis C. Muldoon
 * Francis C. Muldoon
 * Peter Griffin
 * Peter Griffin
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * }
 * Dufferin Roblin
 * }
 * }
 * }

By-elections 1958 to 1962
! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |3,995 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |4,032 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |3,584 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |4,654 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2|100
 * - style="background-color:white"

! style="text-align:right;" colspan=3 |Total valid votes ! style="text-align:right;" |4,934 ! style="text-align:right;" colspan=2 |100
 * - style="background-color:white"