1968 Italian Senate election in Lombardy

Lombardy elected its fifth delegation to the Italian Senate on May 19, 1968. This election was a part of the national Italian general election of 1968 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.

The election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at a national level. Seven Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party, while the agricultural Province of Pavia and Province of Mantua preferred the Italian Communist Party.

Background
Following the alliance between Christian Democracy and the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), which entered into Aldo Moro's centre-left governments, the PSI created a federation with another member of the coalition, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, but it paid its toll to the Italian Communist Party, which joined its forces with the newly established Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity, the former Socialist leftist wing.

Electoral system
The electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.

Results
!rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|Party !rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"|votes !rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"|votes (%) !rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"|seats !rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"|swing !align="left" valign="top"|Christian Democracy !align="left" valign="top"|Italian Communist Party & PSIUP !align="left" valign="top"|PSI & PSDI !align="left" valign="top"|Italian Liberal Party !align="left" valign="top"|Italian Social Movement !align="left" valign="top"|Others !rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"|Total parties !rowspan="1" align="right" valign="top"|4,704,850 !rowspan="1" align="right" valign="top"|100.0 !rowspan="1" align="right" valign="top"|45 !rowspan="1" align="right" valign="top"| -
 * - bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
 * - bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
 * valign="top"|1,984,071
 * valign="top"|42.2
 * valign="top"|20
 * valign="top"|1
 * valign="top"|1,238,087
 * valign="top"|26.3
 * valign="top"|12
 * valign="top"|2
 * valign="top"|836,918
 * valign="top"|17.8
 * valign="top"|8
 * valign="top"|3
 * valign="top"|397,273
 * valign="top"|8.4
 * valign="top"|4
 * valign="top"|=
 * valign="top"|177,956
 * valign="top"|3.8
 * valign="top"|1
 * valign="top"|=
 * valign="top"|70,545
 * valign="top"|1.5
 * valign="top"|-
 * valign="top"|=
 * - bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
 * }

Sources: Italian Ministry of the Interior

Constituencies
!align="left" valign="top"|N° !align="center" valign="top"|Constituency !align="center" valign="top"|Elected !align="center" valign="top"|Party !align="center" valign="top"|Votes % !align="center" valign="top"|Others Dolores Abbiati''' Italian Communist Party 25.4% Arnaldo Bera''' Italian Communist Party 34.4% Elena Gatti (PSU) 19.4% Gastone Darè''' Italian Socialist Party (PSDI) 21.0% Gastone Nencioni''' Italian Social Movement 7.7% Arturo Robba''' Italian Liberal Party 18.6% Alessandro Morino''' Italian Socialist Party (PSDI) 19.5% Pietro Caleffi''' Italian Socialist Party 22.1% Ada Valeria Ruhl''' Italian Communist Party 31.5% Gian Mario Albani''' Italian Communist Party (Gsi) 33.3% Gianfranco Maris''' Italian Communist Party 27.1% Giovanni Brambilla''' Italian Communist Party 35.5% Edoardo Catellani''' Italian Socialist Party 23.1% Paolo Cavezzali''' Italian Socialist Party 20.8% Michele Zuccalà''' Italian Socialist Party 19.2%
 * - bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
 * - bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
 * align="left"|1
 * align="left"|Bergamo
 * align="left"|Giovanni Zonca
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|58.1%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|2
 * align="left"|Clusone
 * align="left"|Giuseppe Belotti
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|66.3%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|3
 * align="left"|Treviglio
 * align="left"|Aurelio Colleoni
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|62.1%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|4
 * align="left"|Brescia
 * align="left"|'''Annibale Fada
 * align="left"|4
 * align="left"|Brescia
 * align="left"|'''Annibale Fada
 * align="left"|'''Annibale Fada
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|44.6%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|5
 * align="left"|Breno
 * align="left"|Giacomo Mazzoli
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|58.1%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|6
 * align="left"|Chiari
 * align="left"|Faustino Zugno
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|57.9%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|7
 * align="left"|Salò
 * align="left"|Fabiano De Zan
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|48.8%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|8
 * align="left"|Como
 * align="left"|Pasquale Valsecchi
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|44.0%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|9
 * align="left"|Lecco
 * align="left"|Tommaso Morlino
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|54.3%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|10
 * align="left"|Cantù
 * align="left"|Mario Martinelli
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|53.9%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|11
 * align="left"|Cremona
 * align="left"|'''Giovanni Lombardi
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|53.9%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|11
 * align="left"|Cremona
 * align="left"|'''Giovanni Lombardi
 * align="left"|'''Giovanni Lombardi
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|40.1%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|12
 * align="left"|Crema
 * align="left"|Ennio Zelioli
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|52.4%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|13
 * align="left"|Mantua
 * align="left"|Tullia Romagnoli
 * align="left"|Italian Communist Party (Gsi)
 * align="left"|34.3%
 * align="left"|Leonello Zenti (DC) 35.6%
 * align="left"|34.3%
 * align="left"|Leonello Zenti (DC) 35.6%
 * align="left"|14
 * align="left"|Ostiglia
 * align="left"|'''Teodosio Aimoni
 * align="left"|'''Teodosio Aimoni
 * align="left"|Italian Communist Party
 * align="left"|41.2%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|15
 * align="left"|Milan 1
 * align="left"|Giorgio Bergamasco
 * align="left"|Italian Liberal Party
 * align="left"|25.7%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|16
 * align="left"|Milan 2
 * align="left"|'''Francantonio Biaggi
 * align="left"|Milan 2
 * align="left"|'''Francantonio Biaggi
 * align="left"|Italian Liberal Party
 * align="left"|22.6%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|17
 * align="left"|Milan 3
 * align="left"|'''Italo Viglianesi
 * align="left"|'''Italo Viglianesi
 * align="left"|Italian Socialist Party
 * align="left"|21.4%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|18
 * align="left"|Milan 4
 * align="left"|'''Vincenzo Palumbo
 * align="left"|'''Vincenzo Palumbo
 * align="left"|Italian Liberal Party
 * align="left"|21.0%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|19
 * align="left"|Milan 5
 * align="left"|'''Mario Venanzi
 * align="left"|'''Mario Venanzi
 * align="left"|Italian Communist Party
 * align="left"|25.7%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|20
 * align="left"|Milan 6
 * align="left"|Arialdo Banfi
 * align="left"|Italian Socialist Party
 * align="left"|22.9%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|21
 * align="left"|Abbiategrasso
 * align="left"|'''Luigi Noè
 * align="left"|Abbiategrasso
 * align="left"|'''Luigi Noè
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|40.9%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|22
 * align="left"|Rho
 * align="left"|'''Mario Dosi
 * align="left"|'''Mario Dosi
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|39.7%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|23
 * align="left"|Monza
 * align="left"|Vittorio Pozzar
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|43.2%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|24
 * align="left"|Vimercate
 * align="left"|'''Giovanni Marcora
 * align="left"|Vimercate
 * align="left"|'''Giovanni Marcora
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|48.7%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|25
 * align="left"|Lodi
 * align="left"|'''Camillo Ripamonti
 * align="left"|'''Camillo Ripamonti
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|43.1%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|26
 * align="left"|Pavia
 * align="left"|Vittorio Naldini
 * align="left"|Italian Communist Party (PSIUP)
 * align="left"|36.3%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|27
 * align="left"|Voghera
 * align="left"|Giorgio Piovano
 * align="left"|Italian Communist Party
 * align="left"|32.8%
 * align="left"|Giovanni Celasco (DC) 35.2%
 * align="left"|28
 * align="left"|Vigevano
 * align="left"|Francesco Soliano
 * align="left"|Italian Communist Party
 * align="left"|44.3%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|29
 * align="left"|Sondrio
 * align="left"|'''Athos Valsecchi
 * align="left"|29
 * align="left"|Sondrio
 * align="left"|'''Athos Valsecchi
 * align="left"|'''Athos Valsecchi
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|53.9%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|30
 * align="left"|Varese
 * align="left"|'''Pio Alessandrini
 * align="left"|'''Pio Alessandrini
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|43.4%
 * align="left"|
 * align="left"|31
 * align="left"|Busto Arsizio
 * align="left"|'''Natale Santero
 * align="left"|'''Natale Santero
 * align="left"|Christian Democracy
 * align="left"|45.3%
 * align="left"|
 * }


 * Senators with a direct mandate have bold percentages. Please remember that the electoral system was, in the other cases, a form of proportional representation and not a FPTP race: so candidates winning with a simple plurality could have (and usually had) a candidate (usually a Christian democrat) with more votes in their constituency.

Substitutions

 * Elena Gatti for Mantua (19.4%) replaced Alessandro Morino in 1969. Reason: death.
 * Leonello Zenti for Mantua (35.6%) replaced Natale Santero in 1971. Reason: death.
 * Giovanni Celasco for Voghera (35.2%) replaced Annibale Fada in 1971. Reason: death.