2020 Oregon Ballot Measure 109

In 2020, voters in the U.S. state of Oregon passed Ballot Measure 109, also known as the Oregon Psilocybin Services Act, allowing the "manufacture, delivery and administration" of psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug. While psilocybin remains illegal nationally, the passage of the law made Oregon the first U.S. state to legalize the drug. Per the law, psilocybin must be used for "personal development" and grown and administered in licensed environments. The ballot measure put in place a two-year period for the government to determine regulations around the law's implementation, such as what credentials will be needed for someone to administer the drug.

The chief petitioners behind the bill were Thomas Eckert and his late first wife, Sheri Eckert, both therapists who had been working for years to legalize psilocybin because of its potential benefit for people struggling with conditions including depression, anxiety, and addiction. To get the initiative (called the Psilocybin Service Initiative, or Initiative Petition #34) on the November 2020 ballot, 112,020 signatures of support from Oregonians had to be collected. On November 3, 2020, Ballot Measure 109 was passed with support from 1.27 million Oregonians, or 55.75% of the vote (according to unofficial results from the Oregon Secretary of State in the days following the election).

Vote tallies by county:

Implementation
The Oregon Health Authority runs the Oregon Psilocybin Services program, which is creating regulations and issuing licenses for all aspects of the program. They began accepting applications for licensure on January 2, 2023. After that date, treatment providers who are licensed, using tested psilocybin from licensed suppliers, were able to legally screen and treat individuals with psilocybin in Oregon. The program posted draft regulations for public notice and comment in April 2022. In the 2022 midterm elections, however, a total of 102 incorporated cities and 25 counties in the state voted, temporarily or permanently, to prohibit psilocybin-related business from being conducted within specified areas.

As of 2024, psilocybin therapy is permitted in the following counties: Benton, Columbia, Deschutes, Hood River, Jackson, Lane, Lincoln, Multnomah, Wasco, Washington, and Yamhill. Clackamas and Clatsop, meanwhile, have only temporarily opted out, and both are expected to permit psilocybin therapy as soon as 2025.