2020 United States Senate election in Alabama

The 2020 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alabama, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

Incumbent senator Doug Jones, first elected in a 2017 special election in what was widely labeled a major upset, ran for a full term, facing Tommy Tuberville in the general election.

This race was one of two Democratic-held U.S. Senate seats up for election in 2020 in a state President Trump won in 2016. Jones was widely considered the most vulnerable senator among those seeking re-election in 2020 due to Alabama's heavy Republican lean, with analysts predicting a Republican pickup; Jones's 2017 win was in part due to sexual misconduct allegations against his Republican opponent Roy Moore.

As was predicted, Tuberville easily defeated Jones,   whose 20.36% margin of defeat was the largest for an incumbent U.S. Senator since Arkansas' Blanche Lincoln in 2010. Tuberville received the highest percentage of the vote for any challenger since Joseph D. Tydings in 1964. Jones became the first Democratic senator to lose reelection in Alabama, and the only Democratic senator to be defeated in 2020. He outperformed Biden in the state by about 5 points. This was the only Republican flip of the 2020 U.S. Senate elections, and as of 2024 is the last time Republicans flipped a Senate seat.

Democratic primary
The candidate filing deadline was November 8, 2019. Jones ran unopposed.

Nominee

 * Doug Jones, incumbent U.S. senator

Declined

 * John Rogers, state representative
 * Randall Woodfin, mayor of Birmingham (endorsed Doug Jones)

Nominee

 * Tommy Tuberville, former Auburn Tigers football head coach

Eliminated in runoff

 * Jeff Sessions, former United States attorney general, former holder of this seat, and former attorney general of Alabama

Eliminated in primary

 * Stanley Adair, businessman
 * Bradley Byrne, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 1st congressional district
 * Arnold Mooney, state representative
 * Roy Moore, former chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, former candidate for Governor of Alabama in 2006 and 2010 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2017
 * Ruth Page Nelson, community activist

Withdrew

 * Marty Preston Hatley
 * John Merrill, Secretary of State of Alabama
 * John Paul Serbin

Declined

 * Robert Aderholt, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 4th congressional district
 * Will Ainsworth, Alabama lieutenant governor
 * Mo Brooks, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 5th congressional district and candidate for U.S. Senate in 2017
 * Will Dismukes, state representative
 * Matt Gaetz, incumbent U.S. representative for Florida's 1st congressional district
 * Del Marsh, president pro tempore of the Alabama Senate
 * Arthur Orr, state senator (endorsed Bradley Byrne)
 * Martha Roby, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 2nd congressional district
 * Heather Whitestone, former Miss America

Primary results
[[File:2020ALSenGOP.svg|thumb|upright|Initial primary round results by county {{legend|#e27f7f|Tuberville}}

{{legend|#ffc8cd|30–40%}}

{{legend|#ffb2b2|40–50%}}

{{legend|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend|#ff9a50|Sessions}}

{{legend|#ffcca9|30–40%}}

{{legend|#ffb580|40–50%}}

{{legend|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend|#5fd3bc|Byrne}}

{{legend|#afe9dd|30–40%}}

{{legend|#87decd|40–50%}}

{{legend|#5fd3bc|50–60%}}

{{legend|#37c8ab|60–70%}} ]]

Runoff
The runoff for the Republican Senate nomination was planned for March 31, 2020, but it was delayed until July 14 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Polling

 * with Bradley Byrne and Gary Palmer


 * with Bradley Byrne and Jeff Sessions


 * with Mo Brooks and Bradley Byrne


 * with Mo Brooks and Roy Moore

Results
[[File:Alabama U.S. Senate Republican primary runoff, 2020.svg|thumb|upright|Runoff results by county {{legend|#e27f7f|Tuberville}}

{{legend|#e27f7f|50–60%}}

{{legend|#d75d5d|60–70%}}

{{legend|#d72f30|70–80%}} {{legend|#ff9a50|Sessions}}

{{legend|#ff9a50|50–60%}} ]]

Withdrawn

 * Mike Parrish
 * Jarmal Sanders, reverend
 * Marcus Jejaun Williams

Polling

 * With Jeff Sessions


 * With Bradley Byrne


 * With Arnold Mooney


 * With Roy Moore


 * With Generic Republican


 * With Generic Opponent


 * with Generic Democrat and Generic Republican

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

 * Barbour (largest city: Eufaula)
 * Butler (largest city: Greenville)
 * Chambers (largest city: Valley)
 * Choctaw (largest town: Butler)
 * Clarke (largest city: Jackson)
 * Conecuh (largest city: Evergreen)
 * Lee (largest city: Auburn)
 * Madison (largest city: Huntsville)
 * Mobile (largest city: Mobile)
 * Pickens (largest city: Aliceville)
 * Talladega (largest city: Talladega)
 * Tuscaloosa (largest city: Tuscaloosa)

Analysis
The result was a landslide victory for Tuberville. Tuberville's 20-point margin of victory is largely attributed to the presence of Donald Trump on the ballot, and Jones' votes against Brett Kavanaugh, Amy Coney Barrett, as well as his vote to convict Donald Trump in his first impeachment trial. Jones was widely considered the most vulnerable senator in 2020, and his victory in 2017 was largely attributed to allegations of child molestation against his opponent. While Jones was able to receive more raw votes than he did in 2017, Tuberville received nearly double the number of votes Roy Moore did in 2017, largely due to the high Republican turnout. Jones did perform well in Jefferson County and Montgomery County, but still vastly underperformed his margins in 2017, while Tuberville easily won the rural areas, and successfully flipped many counties that went to Jones by significant margins.

In the 2017 election, Jones won several traditionally Republican counties while also driving up margins and turnout in traditionally Democratic counties: he added onto massive margins in Birmingham and Montgomery with narrow wins in the state's other, previously more conservative metropolitan areas, such as Huntsville, Mobile, and Tuscaloosa, alongside several other small counties encircling the Black Belt. Jones' win, though attributable to a spike in Democratic turnout and a decline in Republican turnout, was primarily reliant on sexual misconduct allegations against Moore, resulting in several prominent Republicans rescinding their endorsements. With Tuberville lacking such controversies, the state swung hard into the Republican column in 2020, and he flipped 12 counties Jones won in 2017. Jones only won the 13 counties won by Joe Biden in the concurrent 2020 presidential election, and his victories in Jefferson County (Birmingham) and Montgomery County (Montgomery) were insufficient to overcome Tuberville's performance in the rest of the state.