2021 Italian Open – Women's doubles

Hsieh Su-wei and Barbora Strýcová were the defending champions, but Strýcová retired from professional tennis in May 2021. Hsieh played alongside Elise Mertens, but lost in the second round to Sharon Fichman and Giuliana Olmos.

The alternates Fichman and Olmos went on to win the title, defeating Kristina Mladenovic and Markéta Vondroušová in the final, 4–6, 7–5, [10–5], saving 2 championship points, in the process. By reaching the final, Mladenovic usurped newly crowned Mertens for the doubles number 1 ranking.

Seeds
• # Hsieh Su-wei / 🇧🇪 Elise Mertens (second round)

• # 🇨🇿 Barbora Krejčíková / 🇨🇿 Kateřina Siniaková (quarterfinals)

• # 🇺🇸 Nicole Melichar / Demi Schuurs (second round)

• # 🇯🇵 Shuko Aoyama / 🇯🇵 Ena Shibahara (semifinals)

• # Alexa Guarachi / 🇺🇸 Desirae Krawczyk (first round)

• # Chan Hao-ching /  Latisha Chan (quarterfinals)

• # 🇨🇳 Xu Yifan / 🇨🇳 Zhang Shuai (first round)

• # 🇨🇦 Gabriela Dabrowski / 🇺🇸 Asia Muhammad (second round)

Seeds

 * Rankings are as of April 26, 2021.

Other entrants
The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
 * 🇷🇴 Irina-Camelia Begu / 🇮🇹 Sara Errani
 * 🇮🇹 Nuria Brancaccio / 🇮🇹 Lucia Bronzetti
 * 🇮🇹 Giulia Gatto-Monticone / 🇮🇹 Bianca Turati

The following pairs received entry into the doubles main draw using protected rankings:
 * 🇷🇺 Alla Kudryavtseva / 🇷🇴 Monica Niculescu
 * 🇯🇵 Makoto Ninomiya / 🇰🇿 Yaroslava Shvedova
 * 🇷🇺 Elena Vesnina / 🇷🇺 Vera Zvonareva

The following pairs received entry into the doubles main draw as alternates:
 * 🇨🇦 Sharon Fichman / 🇲🇽 Giuliana Olmos
 * 🇨🇳 Wang Qiang / 🇨🇳 Wang Yafan

Withdrawals

 * Before the tournament
 * 🇭🇺 Tímea Babos / 🇷🇺 Veronika Kudermetova → replaced by 🇺🇸 Coco Gauff / 🇷🇺 Veronika Kudermetova
 * 🇦🇺 Ashleigh Barty / 🇺🇸 Jennifer Brady → replaced by 🇨🇦 Sharon Fichman / 🇲🇽 Giuliana Olmos
 * 🇺🇸 Sofia Kenin / 🇺🇸 Alison Riske → replaced by 🇨🇳 Wang Qiang / 🇨🇳 Wang Yafan