2023–24 James Madison Dukes men's basketball team

The 2023–24 James Madison Dukes men's basketball team represented James Madison University in the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Dukes were led by fourth-year head coach Mark Byington and played their home games at the Atlantic Union Bank Center in Harrisonburg, Virginia as members of the Sun Belt Conference.

James Madison began the season by beating No. 4-ranked Michigan State, earning their first victory over a ranked opponent since defeating California on December 29, 1992. They followed this up with wins over Kent State and Howard giving them three consecutive wins over 2023 NCAA tournament participants and earning them their first appearance in the AP Poll in school history. The Dukes then went on to have their best record to start a season in program history, going 14–0 before they were handed their first loss against Southern Miss. As a result, James Madison left the AP poll after being ranked for eight weeks

The Dukes finished the regular season with a record of 32–4, 15–3 in Sun Belt play to finish in second place. They defeated Marshall, Texas State, and Arkansas State in the Sun Belt tournament to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 12 seed in South region marking the team's first trip to the NCAA tournament since 2013. They upset No 5-seeded Wisconsin in the first round to advance on to the second round for the first time since 1983. There they lost to Duke in the second round.

On March 25, 2024, head coach Mark Byington left the school to become the head coach at Vanderbilt.

Previous season
The Dukes finished the 2022–23 season 22–11, 12–6 in Sun Belt play to finish fourth in the conference. They defeated Troy in the first round before losing to South Alabama in the second round of the Sun Belt tournament.

Preseason Sun Belt Conference poll
The Dukes were picked to finish in first place in the conference's preseason poll. Redshirt junior guard Terrence Edwards, Jr. was named to the preseason All-SBC First Team.

Schedule and results
!colspan=12 style=| Regular season

!colspan=9 style=| Sun Belt tournament

!colspan=12 style=|NCAA tournament