2024 United States Senate elections

The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections. Senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators will face election in 2024.

As of July 2024, 26 senators (15 Democrats, nine Republicans, and two independents) are seeking reelection in 2024. Two Republicans (Mike Braun of Indiana and Mitt Romney of Utah), three Democrats (Ben Cardin of Maryland, Tom Carper of Delaware, and Debbie Stabenow of Michigan), and two independents (Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) are not seeking reelection. Laphonza Butler of California, a Democrat who was appointed to her current seat in 2023, is not seeking election in 2024.

Two special Senate elections will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections: one in California, to fill the final two months of Senator Dianne Feinstein's term following her death in September of 2023, and one in Nebraska, to fill the remaining two years of Ben Sasse's term following his resignation in January 2023.

Elections analysts consider the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats will be defending 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats. Three seats being defended by Democrats are in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020, while there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. In the previous two Senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Susan Collins in 2020) was elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.

Partisan composition
All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 4 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats (before the end of the, Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party and became an independent. She later announced her retirement in March 2024 ), and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.

Change in composition
Each block represents one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections
Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

Predictions
Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:
 * " tossup ": no advantage
 * " tilt " (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
 * " lean " or " leans ": slight advantage
 * " likely ": significant, but surmountable, advantage
 * " safe " or " solid ": near-certain chance of victory

Retirements
As of July 2024, eight senators have announced plans to retire. Dianne Feinstein of California announced her intent to retire at the end of her term, but she died in office on September 29, 2023. Laphonza Butler, who was appointed by California governor Gavin Newsom to continue Feinstein's term, announced on October 19 that she will not run for a full term nor to finish the final two months of Feinstein's term.

Special elections during the preceding Congress
In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

Elections leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

Arizona
One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was narrowly elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022. Sinema announced on March 5, 2024, that she would not run for reelection.

Prior to her retirement announcement, Sinema was considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party due to her opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda, and U.S. representative Ruben Gallego launched an early bid for the Democratic nomination.

Among Republicans, Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake have announced their candidacies.

California
Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term. However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY's List, was appointed by California Governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023. Butler is not running for election to a full term, or for the final two months of the current term.

There were three major Democratic candidates for the seat — U.S. representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff — along with former professional baseball player Steve Garvey running as a Republican. Schiff was viewed as representing the establishment wing of the Democratic Party, while Porter and Lee represent the progressive wing.

Adam Schiff and Steve Garvey won the non-partisan primary election which took place on March 5, 2024, during Super Tuesday, setting up a general election campaign between the two.

Due to California's election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there will be two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025; and a special election to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.

Connecticut
Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He has announced he is running for a third term. Beacon Falls First Selectman Gerry Smith announced his campaign in early February 2024. Lobbyist Robert F. Hyde is also a Republican candidate.

Delaware
Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He announced on May 22, 2023, that he will be retiring, and will not run for a fifth term.

Delaware's at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester is running for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.

Term-limited governor John Carney was also considered a possible Democratic candidate. Carney announced that he is running for mayor of Wilmington.

Among Republicans, businessman Eric Hansen has announced his candidacy.

Florida
Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term. Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross and actor John Columbus are challenging Scott for the Republican nomination.

Former U.S. Representative Debbie Mucarsel-Powell is running for the Democratic nomination to challenge Scott.

Hawaii
Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.

Indiana
One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana. U.S. representative Jim Banks is running unopposed after his only competition, businessman John Rust, was disqualified.

Psychologist Valerie McCray defeated former state Representative Marc Carmichael for the Democratic nomination.

Maine
Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intends to run for a third term despite previously hinting that he may retire.

Democratic consultant David Costello and former Maine Republican Party chair Demitroula Kouzounas each won their respective party primaries unopposed. They will both face King in the general election in November.

Maryland
Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he is not running for reelection.

Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks defeated U.S. Representative David Trone for the Democratic nomination after a contentious primary, where Trone spent heavily from his personal wealth while Alsobrooks had the support of most elected Democrats.

Former Governor Larry Hogan easily defeated conservative former state Delegate Robin Ficker for the Republican nomination. A popular moderate known for his political independence, Hogan had previously declined to run, but unexpectedly filed to run hours before the candidate filing deadline.

Massachusetts
Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she is running for reelection.

Software company owner Robert Antonellis is running as a Republican. Former lieutenant governor Karyn Polito is seen as a potential candidate for the Republican nomination.

Michigan
Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She announced on January 5, 2023, that she will retire, and will not run for a fifth term.

The primary will take place on August 6, 2024. Representative Elissa Slotkin, and state representative Leslie Love have announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun has also declared his candidacy as a Democrat. Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023.

Former U.S. representatives Mike Rogers, Justin Amash, and hedge fund manager Sandy Pensler are running for the Republican nomination.

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.

Minnesota
Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She is running for a fourth term.

Among Republicans, former NBA basketball player Royce White and, banker and retired U.S. Navy commander, Joe Fraser, have declared their candidacies.

Third party candidates consist of guardianship advocate and Republican candidate for governor in 2022, Independence-Alliance Party candidate, Joyce Lacy.

Mississippi
Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker is running for a third full term. He faced a primary challenge from conservative state representative Dan Eubanks and won by a comfortable margin. Wicker will face Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins in the general election.

Missouri
One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. He is running for reelection.

Marine Veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in 2022, has announced he is running again. State Senator Karla May and December Harmon, a member of the Columbia Police Review Board, have also announced their campaigns for the Democratic nomination.

Montana
Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he is running for a fourth term. Tester is one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.

Businessman and former Navy Seal Tim Sheehy is running for the Republican nomination. U.S. representative Matt Rosendale, also a Republican, announced his candidacy on February 9, 2024, but withdrew his candidacy on February 16, 2024.

Nebraska
There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)
Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.

Dan Osborn, a union leader and steamfitter, is running as an independent. Since no Democrats have filed, the state party is considering supporting him.

Nebraska (special)
Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida. Former Governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts and Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver have declared their candidacies for the Republican nomination. Former University of Nebraska Omaha professor Preston Love Jr. is running as a Democrat.

Nevada
One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.

Veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown was declared the Republican nominee after winning the June 11 primary. Brown easily won against former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter and former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, among others.

New Jersey
Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth full term. On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges. On March 14, 2024, a week after his planned retirement, Menendez reversed his decision considering to run for re-election as an Independent candidate. Numerous national and New Jersey Democrats, including New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy, called on Menendez to resign the same day, including Congressman Andy Kim, who is running for the Democratic nomination.

Financier and current First Lady of New Jersey Tammy Murphy also ran for the Democratic nomination but ended her campaign in March 2024.

Mendham Mayor Christine Serrano Glassner and real estate developer Curtis Bashaw ran for the Republican nomination. On June 4, 2024, Bashaw won the Republican primary in an upset.

New Mexico
Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He is running for a third term. Hedge fund executive Nella Domenici, whose father Pete served in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009, announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination on January 17, 2024.

New York
Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She is running for a third full term.

Former New York City Police Detective Mike Sapraicone has declared his candidacy as a Republican.

North Dakota
One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote. Cramer, as of now, is running for re-election.

Democrat Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown and candidate for the Senate in 2022 filed paperwork and announced her candidacy in early October. Democrat Kristin Hedger, a businesswoman and nominee for North Dakota secretary of state in 2006 has filed paperwork to run for Cramer's seat, but has yet to make an official announcement.

Ohio
Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term. He is also one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.

The Republican nominee is businessman Bernie Moreno, who defeated state senator Matt Dolan and secretary of state Frank LaRose in the primary election.

Pennsylvania
Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey is running for a fourth term. He is being challenged by engineer Blaine Forkner.

2022 Senate candidate David McCormick is running for the Republican nomination. On September 30, 2023, the Pennsylvania Republican Party endorsed McCormick. Conestoga Township treasurer Brandi Tomasetti is also running for the nomination.

Rhode Island
Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He is running for a fourth term. Republicans who have announced their candidacies include state Representative Patricia Morgan and IT professional Raymond McKay.

Tennessee
One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn has filed paperwork to run for reelection. Democratic state Representative Gloria Johnson, who avoided expulsion by one vote in April 2023, announced her candidacy in September.

Texas
Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz is running for a third term.

The Democratic nominee is U.S. representative Colin Allred, who defeated state senator Roland Gutierrez and state representative Carl Sherman in the primary election.

Utah
One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.

The Republican nominee is U.S. representative John Curtis, who defeated Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs, and state House Speaker Brad Wilson, in the primary election.

The Democratic nominee is professional skier Caroline Gleich.

Vermont
Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He is being challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.

Virginia
Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term. Governor Glenn Youngkin, who will be term-limited in 2025, was considered a possible Republican candidate.

On July 18, 2023, Navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022.

Washington
Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote.

Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican.

West Virginia
Independent Joe Manchin, who was elected as a Democrat, was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. On November 9, 2023, Manchin announced he would not seek re-election. Since Manchin announced his retirement, all major outlets have since rated this seat as expected to flip to GOP control, which would put this seat in Republican hands for the first time in 68 years.

Wheeling Mayor Glenn Elliott, who has Manchin's endorsement, defeated community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship in the primary for the Democratic Party nomination.

Governor Jim Justice defeated U.S. Representative Alex Mooney in the Republican primary.

Wisconsin
Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She is running for reelection. Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, announced a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke was seen as a potential Republican challenger to Hovde's bid but never ended up beginning a campaign for senate.

Wyoming
Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. On April 19, 2024, Barrasso announced he would run for reelection. Former Postal Union President Scott Morrow is the Democratic nominee.