21st United States Congress

The 21st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1831, during the first two years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

Major events



 * March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson became 7th President of the United States
 * May 10–14, 1830: Confrontational meetings between the French Chargé d'affaires in Washington DC and a group of leaders consisting of Mark Alexander, William S. Archer, Robert H. Adams, Thomas Hinds, Dixon H. Lewis, Clement Comer Clay, Powhatan Ellis and John McKinley grew incredibly contentious and hostile. Arguments began when the aforementioned representatives and senators charged that France owed the United States reparations from damages incurred during the Quasi-War. At one point Thomas Hinds threatened the French Chargé d'affaires with a pistol. Eventually, only intervention by John Forsyth prevented a major diplomatic incident. Shortly after this the governor of Virginia John Floyd formally asked France's economic attaché to leave Virginia. This foreshadowed conflict with France over the same issue that would dominate American politics in 1835, at that point the main instigator on the American side would be President Andrew Jackson.
 * May 28 – US congress passes the Indian Removal Act.
 * September 27 – Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek with Choctaw nation. (First removal treaty signed after the Removal Act.)

Major legislation

 * May 28, 1830: Indian Removal Act, ch. 148,

Not enacted

 * May 27, 1830: Maysville Road Bill vetoed

Treaties

 * September 27, 1830: The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty after the passage of the Indian Removal Act, is signed with the Choctaw.
 * February 24, 1831: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek proclaimed.

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

 * President: John C. Calhoun (J)
 * President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J)

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1830.

Alabama

 * 2. William R. King (J)
 * 3. John McKinley (J)

Connecticut

 * 1. Samuel A. Foot (NR)
 * 3. Calvin Willey (NR)

Delaware

 * 1. Louis McLane (J), until April 16, 1829
 * Arnold Naudain (NR), from January 7, 1830
 * 2. John M. Clayton (NR)

Georgia

 * 2. George M. Troup (J)
 * 3. John Macpherson Berrien (J), until March 9, 1829
 * John Forsyth (J), from November 9, 1829

Illinois

 * 2. John McLean (J), until October 14, 1830
 * David J. Baker (J), November 12, 1830 – December 11, 1830
 * John M. Robinson (J), from December 11, 1830
 * 3. Elias Kane (J)

Indiana

 * 1. James Noble (NR), until February 26, 1831, vacant for remainder of term
 * 3. William Hendricks (NR)

Kentucky

 * 2. George M. Bibb (J)
 * 3. John Rowan (J)

Louisiana

 * 2. Edward Livingston (J)
 * 3. Josiah S. Johnston (NR)

Maine

 * 1. John Holmes (NR)
 * 2. Peleg Sprague (NR)

Maryland

 * 1. Samuel Smith (J)
 * 3. Ezekiel F. Chambers (NR)

Massachusetts

 * 1. Daniel Webster (NR)
 * 2. Nathaniel Silsbee (NR)

Mississippi

 * 1. Powhatan Ellis (J)
 * 2. Thomas B. Reed (J), until November 26, 1829
 * Robert H. Adams (J), January 6, 1830 – July 2, 1830
 * George Poindexter (J), from October 15, 1830

Missouri

 * 1. Thomas H. Benton (J)
 * 3. David Barton (NR)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Samuel Bell (NR)
 * 3. Levi Woodbury (J)

New Jersey

 * 1. Mahlon Dickerson (J)
 * 2. Theodore Frelinghuysen (NR)

New York

 * 1. Charles E. Dudley (J)
 * 3. Nathan Sanford (NR)

North Carolina

 * 2. John Branch (J), until March 9, 1829
 * Bedford Brown (J), from December 9, 1829
 * 3. James Iredell Jr. (J)

Ohio

 * 1. Benjamin Ruggles (NR)
 * 3. Jacob Burnet (NR)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. Isaac D. Barnard (J)
 * 3. William Marks (NR)

Rhode Island

 * 1. Asher Robbins (NR)
 * 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (NR)

South Carolina

 * 2. Robert Y. Hayne (J)
 * 3. William Smith (J)

Tennessee

 * 1. John H. Eaton (J), until March 9, 1829
 * Felix Grundy (J), from October 19, 1829
 * 2. Hugh Lawson White (J)

Vermont

 * 1. Horatio Seymour (NR)
 * 3. Dudley Chase (NR)

Virginia

 * 1. John Tyler (J)
 * 2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J)



House of Representatives
Members are listed by their districts.

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. Clement C. Clay (J)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. R. E. B. Baylor (J)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. Dixon H. Lewis (J)

Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Noyes Barber (NR)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. William W. Ellsworth (NR)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Jabez W. Huntington (NR)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Ralph I. Ingersoll (NR)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. William L. Storrs (NR)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Ebenezer Young (NR)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district. Kensey Johns Jr. (NR)

Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Thomas F. Foster (J)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Charles E. Haynes (J)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Henry G. Lamar (J), from December 7, 1829
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Wilson Lumpkin (J)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Wiley Thompson (J)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. James M. Wayne (J)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Richard Henry Wilde (J)

Illinois

 * Illinois's at-large congressional district. Joseph Duncan (J)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. Ratliff Boon (J)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. Jonathan Jennings (NR)
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. John Test (NR)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Henry Daniel (J)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. Nicholas D. Coleman (J)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. James Clark (NR)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Robert P. Letcher (NR)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Richard M. Johnson (J)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. Joseph Lecompte (J)
 * Kentucky's 7th congressional district. John Kincaid (J)
 * Kentucky's 8th congressional district. Nathan Gaither (J)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district. Charles A. Wickliffe (J)
 * Kentucky's 10th congressional district. Joel Yancey (J)
 * Kentucky's 11th congressional district. Thomas Chilton (J)
 * Kentucky's 12th congressional district. Chittenden Lyon (J)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Edward D. White (NR)
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. Henry H. Gurley (NR)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Walter H. Overton (J)

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. Rufus McIntire (J)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. John Anderson (J)
 * Maine's 3rd congressional district. Joseph F. Wingate (NR)
 * Maine's 4th congressional district. George Evans (NR), from July 20, 1829
 * Maine's 5th congressional district. James W. Ripley (J), until March 12, 1830
 * Cornelius Holland (J), from December 6, 1830
 * Maine's 6th congressional district. Leonard Jarvis (J)
 * Maine's 7th congressional district. Samuel Butman (NR)

Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Clement Dorsey (NR)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Benedict J. Semmes (NR)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. George C. Washington (NR)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Michael C. Sprigg (J)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Elias Brown (J)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Benjamin C. Howard (J)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. George E. Mitchell (J), from December 7, 1829
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Richard Spencer (J)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Ephraim K. Wilson (J)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. Benjamin Gorham (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Benjamin W. Crowninshield (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. John Varnum (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Edward Everett (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. John Davis (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Joseph G. Kendall (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. George J. Grennell Jr. (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Isaac C. Bates (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Henry W. Dwight (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. John Bailey (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. Joseph Richardson (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district. James L. Hodges (NR)
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district. John Reed Jr. (NR)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's at-large congressional district. Thomas Hinds (J)

Missouri

 * Missouri's at-large congressional district. Spencer D. Pettis (J)

New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. John Brodhead (J)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Thomas Chandler (J)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Joseph Hammons (J)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Jonathan Harvey (J)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Henry Hubbard (J)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. John W. Weeks (J)

New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Lewis Condict (NR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Richard M. Cooper (NR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Thomas H. Hughes (NR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Isaac Pierson (NR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. James F. Randolph (NR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Samuel Swan (NR)

New York
There were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.
 * New York's 1st congressional district. James Lent (J)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Jacob Crocheron (J)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Churchill C. Cambreleng (J)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Gulian C. Verplanck (J)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. Campbell P. White (J)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Henry B. Cowles (NR)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Abraham Bockee (J)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Hector Craig (J), until July 12, 1830
 * Samuel W. Eager (NR), from November 2, 1830
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Charles G. DeWitt (J)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. James Strong (NR)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. John D. Dickinson (NR)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Ambrose Spencer (NR)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Perkins King (J)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Peter I. Borst (J)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. William G. Angel (J)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. Henry R. Storrs (NR)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Michael Hoffman (J)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Benedict Arnold (NR)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. John W. Taylor (NR)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. Henry C. Martindale (NR)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. Isaac Finch (NR)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. Joseph Hawkins (NR)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. George Fisher (NR), until February 5, 1830
 * Jonah Sanford (J), from November 3, 1830
 * New York's 21st congressional district. Robert Monell (J), until February 21, 1831, vacant thereafter
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. Thomas Beekman (NR)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. Jonas Earll Jr. (J)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. Gershom Powers (J)
 * New York's 25th congressional district. Thomas Maxwell (J)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. Jehiel H. Halsey (J)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. Robert S. Rose (Anti-M)
 * New York's 27th congressional district. Timothy Childs (Anti-M)
 * New York's 28th congressional district. John Magee (J)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. Phineas L. Tracy (Anti-M)
 * New York's 30th congressional district. Ebenezer F. Norton (J)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. William B. Shepard (NR)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Willis Alston (J)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Thomas H. Hall (J)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. Jesse Speight (J)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Gabriel Holmes (J), until September 26, 1829
 * Edward B. Dudley (J), from November 10, 1829
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Robert Potter (J)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. Edmund Deberry (NR)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Daniel L. Barringer (J)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Augustine H. Shepperd (J)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Abraham Rencher (J)
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. Henry W. Connor (J)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district. Samuel P. Carson (J)
 * North Carolina's 13th congressional district. Lewis Williams (NR)

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. James Findlay (J)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. James Shields (J)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Joseph H. Crane (NR)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. Joseph Vance (NR)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. William Russell (J)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. William Creighton Jr. (NR)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Samuel F. Vinton (NR)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. William Stanbery (J)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. William W. Irvin (J)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. William Kennon Sr. (J)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. John M. Goodenow (J), until April 9, 1830
 * Humphrey H. Leavitt (J), from December 6, 1830
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. John Thomson (J)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Elisha Whittlesey (NR)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. Mordecai Bartley (NR)

Pennsylvania
There were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Joel B. Sutherland (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Joseph Hemphill (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Daniel H. Miller (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. James Buchanan (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. Joshua Evans Jr. (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. George G. Leiper (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. John B. Sterigere (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Innis Green (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Joseph Fry Jr. (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. Samuel D. Ingham (J), until March 1829
 * Peter Ihrie Jr. (J), from October 13, 1829
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. George Wolf (J), until March 1829
 * Samuel A. Smith (J), from October 13, 1829
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. James Ford (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. Alem Marr (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. Philander Stephens (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. Adam King (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Thomas H. Crawford (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. William Ramsey (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. John Scott (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. Chauncey Forward (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. Thomas Irwin (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. William McCreery (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. Harmar Denny (Anti-M), from December 15, 1829, after William Wilkins resigned before qualifying
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. John Gilmore (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. Richard Coulter (J)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. Thomas H. Sill (NR)

Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district. Tristam Burges (NR)
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district. Dutee J. Pearce (NR)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. William Drayton (J)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Robert W. Barnwell (J)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. John Campbell (J)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. William D. Martin (J)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. George McDuffie (J)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Warren R. Davis (J)
 * South Carolina's 7th congressional district. William T. Nuckolls (J)
 * South Carolina's 8th congressional district. James Blair (J)
 * South Carolina's 9th congressional district. Starling Tucker (J)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. John Blair (J)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. Pryor Lea (J)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. James I. Standifer (J)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Jacob C. Isacks (J)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. Robert Desha (J)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. James K. Polk (J)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. John Bell (J)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. Cave Johnson (J)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. David Crockett (NR)

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district. Jonathan Hunt (NR)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district. Rollin C. Mallary (NR)
 * Vermont's 3rd congressional district. Horace Everett (NR)
 * Vermont's 4th congressional district. Benjamin Swift (NR)
 * Vermont's 5th congressional district. William Cahoon (Anti-M)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Thomas Newton Jr. (NR), until March 9, 1830
 * George Loyall (J), from March 9, 1830
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. James Trezvant (J)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. William S. Archer (J)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. Mark Alexander (J)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Thomas T. Bouldin (J)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Thomas Davenport (J)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Richard Coke Jr. (J)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. Andrew Stevenson (J)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. William C. Rives (J), until April 17, 1829
 * William F. Gordon (J), from January 25, 1830
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district. Philip P. Barbour (J), until October 15, 1830
 * John M. Patton (J), from November 25, 1830
 * Virginia's 12th congressional district. John Roane (J)
 * Virginia's 13th congressional district. John Taliaferro (NR)
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district. Charles F. Mercer (NR)
 * Virginia's 15th congressional district. John S. Barbour (J)
 * Virginia's 16th congressional district. William Armstrong (NR)
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district. Robert Allen (J)
 * Virginia's 18th congressional district. Philip Doddridge (NR)
 * Virginia's 19th congressional district. William McCoy (J)
 * Virginia's 20th congressional district. Robert Craig (J)
 * Virginia's 21st congressional district. Lewis Maxwell (NR)
 * Virginia's 22nd congressional district. Alexander Smyth (J), until April 17, 1830
 * Joseph Draper (J), from December 6, 1830

Non-voting members

 * Arkansas Territory's at-large congressional district. Ambrose H. Sevier
 * Florida Territory's at-large congressional district. Joseph M. White
 * Michigan Territory's at-large congressional district. John Biddle, until February 21, 1831, vacant thereafter



Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * Replacements: 4
 * Jacksonians (J): no net change
 * National Republicans (NR): no net change
 * Deaths: 4
 * Resignations: 4
 * Interim appointments: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 7


 * Georgia (3)
 * | John M. Berrien (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 9, 1829, to become U.S. Attorney General. Successor elected November 9, 1829.
 * | John Forsyth (J)
 * Installed November 9, 1829
 * Installed November 9, 1829


 * North Carolina (2)
 * | John Branch (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 9, 1829, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Successor elected December 9, 1829.
 * | Bedford Brown (J)
 * Installed December 9, 1829
 * Installed December 9, 1829


 * Tennessee (1)
 * | John Eaton (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 9, 1829, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of War. Successor elected October 19, 1829.
 * | Felix Grundy (J)
 * Installed October 19, 1829
 * Installed October 19, 1829


 * Delaware (1)
 * | Louis McLane (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 29, 1829, to become U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom. Successor elected January 7, 1830.
 * | Arnold Naudain (NR)
 * Installed January 7, 1830
 * Installed January 7, 1830


 * Mississippi (2)
 * | Thomas B. Reed (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died November 26, 1829. Successor elected January 6, 1830.
 * | Robert H. Adams (J)
 * Installed January 6, 1830
 * Installed January 6, 1830


 * Mississippi (2)
 * | Robert H. Adams (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died July 2, 1830. Successor appointed October 15, 1830, to continue the term, and subsequently elected.
 * | George Poindexter (J)
 * Installed October 15, 1830
 * Installed October 15, 1830


 * Illinois (2)
 * | John McLean (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died October 14, 1830. Successor appointed November 12, 1830, to continue the term.
 * | David J. Baker (J)
 * Installed November 12, 1830
 * Installed November 12, 1830


 * Illinois (2)
 * | David J. Baker (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Appointee retired with elected successor qualified. Successor elected December 11, 1830.
 * | John M. Robinson (J)
 * Installed December 11, 1830
 * Installed December 11, 1830


 * Indiana (1)
 * | James Noble (NR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died February 26, 1831. Seat filled next Congress.
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this Congress
 * Not filled this Congress

House of Representatives
Total seats with changes: 15
 * Replacements: 5
 * Jacksonians (J): 1 seat net loss
 * National Republicans (NR): 1 seat net gain
 * Deaths: 2
 * Resignations: 10
 * Contested election: 2


 * Maryland's 6th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | Maryland elected its members October 5, 1829, after the term began but before Congress convened. Rep-elect sworn in December after convening.
 * | George Edward Mitchell (J)
 * Seated December 7, 1829
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | George Gilmer (Jacksonian) was redistricted from the 1st district and re-elected but failed to accept the position within the legal time frame. Governor ordered a new election.
 * | Henry G. Lamar (J)
 * Seated December 7, 1829
 * Maine's 4th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | Peleg Sprague resigned in previous Congress
 * | George Evans (NR)
 * Seated July 20, 1829
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * style="font-size:80%" | William Wilkins resigned before qualifying
 * | Harmar Denny (AM)
 * Seated December 15, 1829
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district
 * | George Wolf (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned in 1829 before the convening of Congress
 * | Samuel A. Smith (J)
 * Seated October 13, 1829
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district
 * | William C. Rives (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned some time in 1829
 * | William F. Gordon (J)
 * Seated January 25, 1830
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district
 * | Samuel D. Ingham (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned in March 1829 after being appointed Secretary of the Treasury
 * | Peter Ihrie Jr. (J)
 * Seated October 13, 1829
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district
 * | Gabriel Holmes (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died September 26, 1829
 * | Edward B. Dudley (J)
 * Seated November 10, 1829
 * New York's 20th congressional district
 * | George Fisher (NR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election February 5, 1830, to Silas Wright who in turn failed to qualify
 * | Jonah Sanford (J)
 * Seated November 3, 1830
 * Virginia's 1st congressional district
 * | Thomas Newton Jr. (NR)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election March 9, 1830
 * | George Loyall (J)
 * Seated March 9, 1830
 * Maine's 5th congressional district
 * | James W. Ripley (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 12, 1830
 * | Cornelius Holland (J)
 * Seated December 6, 1830
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district
 * | John M. Goodenow (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 9, 1830, after being appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio
 * | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)
 * Seated December 6, 1830
 * Virginia's 22nd congressional district
 * | Alexander Smyth (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Died April 17, 1830
 * | Joseph Draper (J)
 * Seated December 6, 1830
 * New York's 6th congressional district
 * | Hector Craig (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 12, 1830
 * | Samuel W. Eager (NR)
 * Seated November 2, 1830
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district
 * | Philip P. Barbour (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia
 * | John M. Patton (J)
 * Seated November 25, 1830
 * New York's 21st congressional district
 * | Robert Monell (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" |Resigned February 21, 1831
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Michigan Territory's at-large congressional district
 * John Biddle
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 21, 1831
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * }
 * | Philip P. Barbour (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 15, 1830, after being appointed judge of US Circuit Court of the Eastern District of Virginia
 * | John M. Patton (J)
 * Seated November 25, 1830
 * New York's 21st congressional district
 * | Robert Monell (J)
 * style="font-size:80%" |Resigned February 21, 1831
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * Michigan Territory's at-large congressional district
 * John Biddle
 * style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 21, 1831
 * Vacant
 * Not filled this term
 * }
 * Not filled this term
 * }

Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

 * Accounts of James Monroe (Select)
 * Agriculture (Chairman: William Marks)
 * Amending the Constitution on the Election of the President and Vice President (Select)
 * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Elias Kane then James Iredell Jr.)
 * Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Levi Woodbury)
 * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Ezekiel F. Chambers)
 * Dueling (Select)
 * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Marks)
 * Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
 * Foreign Relations (Chairman: Littleton Tazewell)
 * French Spoilations (Select)
 * Impeachment of James H. Peck (Select)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Lawson White)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: John Rowan)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
 * Memorial of the Manufacturers Iron (Select)
 * Mileage of Members of Congress (Select)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
 * Militia (Chairman: Isaac D. Barnard)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
 * Nomination of Amos Kendall (Select)
 * Pensions (Chairman: John Holmes)
 * Post Office Department (Select)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George M. Bibb)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Jacob Burnet)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: David Barton)
 * Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
 * Tariff Regulation (Select)
 * Whole

House of Representatives

 * Accounts (Chairman: Jehiel H. Halsey)
 * Agriculture (Chairman: Ambrose Spencer)
 * American Colonization Society (Select)
 * Claims (Chairman: Elisha Whittlesey)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Churchill C. Cambreleng)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: Gershom Powers)
 * Elections (Chairman: Willis Alston)
 * Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region (Select)
 * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Augustine H. Shepperd)
 * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Joel Yancey)
 * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Jonas Earll)
 * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: George G. Leiper)
 * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Lewis Maxwell)
 * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Michael C. Sprigg)
 * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: William S. Archer)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: John Bell)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: James Buchanan)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: Rollin C. Mallary)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: William Drayton)
 * Military Pensions (Chairman: Isaac C. Bates)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Michael Hoffman)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: John B. Sterigere)
 * Public Expenditures (Chairman: Thomas H. Hall)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Jacob C. Isacks then Charles A. Wickliffe)
 * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Dutee J. Pearce)
 * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Tristam Burges)
 * Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: N/A)
 * Rules (Select)
 * Standards of Official Conduct
 * Territories (Chairman: James Clark)
 * Ways and Means (Chairman: George McDuffie)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Enrolled Bills
 * The Library

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch, until June 25, 1829 (office abolished)
 * Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

 * Chaplain: William Ryland (Methodist), until December 14, 1829
 * Henry V. Johns (Episcopalian), elected December 14, 1829
 * Secretary: Walter Lowrie
 * Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian), until December 13, 1830
 * Ralph R. Gurley (Presbyterian), elected December 13, 1830
 * Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
 * Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
 * Reading Clerks:
 * Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn