49th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) (Hertfordshire) Regiment of Foot

The 49th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) (Hertfordshire) Regiment of Foot was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1743. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire Regiment) in 1881.

Early wars
The regiment was raised in Jamaica by Colonel Edward Trelawney as Edward Trelawney's Regiment of Foot in 1743 from eight independent local companies. The regiment was ranked as the 63rd Regiment of Foot in 1747 and re-ranked as the 49th Regiment of Foot in 1751. The regiment landed in Ireland in 1764 and remained there until embarking for Newfoundland in 1772.

The regiment moved to Boston in June 1775 for service in the American Revolutionary War. It fought at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, the Battle of White Plains in October 1776 and the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776. It went on to take part in the Philadelphia campaign, seeing action at the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777, the Battle of Paoli later that month and the Battle of Germantown in October 1777. It was following the British attack on the Americans at Brandywine, where the light company of the regiment took no prisoners and the Americans demanded vengeance, that the regiment decided to insert identifying red feathers in their shako helmets to prevent anyone else suffering on their account. It then sailed for the West Indies in summer 1778 and took part in the British victory at the Battle of St. Lucia in December 1778 before returning to Ireland in 1780. In 1782, the regiment received a county distinction becoming the 49th (the Hertfordshire) Regiment of Foot.

French Revolutionary Wars and the War of 1812
In 1793 the members of the regiment were re-designated as marines for service in the French Revolutionary Wars. In that capacity the regiment was sent to garrison Dominica in 1794. After returning to England in 1796, the regiment was sent to Ostend in 1798 to take part in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in August 1799 and saw action at the Battle of Alkmaar in October 1799. It also served under Admiral Hyde Parker at the Battle of Copenhagen in April 1801.

After losing its marine designation, the regiment was deployed to Canada in 1802. The regiment served under Major-General Sir Isaac Brock at the Battle of Queenston Heights in October 1812 during the War of 1812. The regiment returned home in 1815 to undertake Royal guarding duties at Weymouth. The regiment's new scarlet coats and white breeches so impressed Princess Charlotte of Wales that she asked to be associated with the regiment. The regiment accordingly became the 49th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) (or the Hertfordshire) Regiment of Foot in 1816.

Sergeant James FitzGibbon was amongst those soldiers who landed with the regiment in 1802. FitzGibbon became a member of the Family Compact, who essentially owned and operated the Upper Canadian economy and society through business, marriage, or political ties. He was present during the Rebellions of 1837-1838, fighting against political reformers at the Battle of Montgomery's Tavern alongside future first Prime Minister of Canada Sir John A. Macdonald.

The Victorian era
The regiment was sent to China in 1840 for service in the First Opium War. It fought at the Capture of Chusan in July 1840, the Battle of Canton in March 1841 and the Battle of Amoy in August 1841 as well as the occupation of Shanghai in summer 1842. It then returned home in 1843. The regiment departed for service in the Crimean War in early 1854 and fought at the Battle of Alma in September 1854, the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 and the Siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854. It then returned home in 1856.

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 49th was linked with the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 41 at Brock Barracks in Reading. On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire Regiment).

Battle honours
Battle honours awarded to the regiment were:
 * Egmont-op-Zee, Copenhagen, Queenstown, China,
 * Crimean War: Alma, Inkerman, Sevastopol
 * St. Lucia 1778 (awarded to successor regiment, 1909)

Victoria Crosses
Victoria Crosses awarded to men of the regiment were:


 * Lieutenant John Augustus Conolly, Crimea War (26 October 1854)
 * Corporal James Owens, Crimea War (30 October 1854)
 * Sergeant George Walters, Crimea War (5 November 1854)

Colonels of the Regiment
Colonels of the regiment were:

49th Regiment of Foot - (1751)

 * 1743–1754: Col. Edward Trelawney
 * 1754–1761: Lt-Gen. George Walsh
 * 1761–1764: Lt-Gen. John Stanwix
 * 1764–1768: Maj-Gen David Graeme
 * 1768–1820: Gen Sir Alexander Maitland, 1st Baronet

The 49th (Princess of  Wales's  Hertfordshire) Regiment - (1816)

 * 1820–1829: Lt-Gen. Sir Miles Nightingall, KCB
 * 1829–1846: Gen. Sir Gordon Drummond, GCB
 * 1846–1861: Gen. Sir Edward Bowater, KCH
 * 1861–1871: Gen. Sir Edmund Finucane Morris, KCB
 * 1871–1874: Gen. Thomas James Galloway
 * 1874–1881: Gen. Sir Charles Henry Ellice, GCB