4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment

The 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment (4° Reggimento Alpini Paracadutisti) is a ranger type  special operations forces of the Italian Army, specializing in air assault, artillery observer, cold-weather warfare, direct action, forward air control, HUMINT, irregular warfare, ISTAR, long-range penetration, maneuver warfare, medical evacuation on mountain, military intelligence, mountain combat search and rescue, mountain rescue, mountain warfare, parachuting, special operation behind enemy lines, special reconnaissance, tactical emergency medical services, tracking targets on mountain, and urban warfare. The regiment is one of three regiments of the Army Special Forces Command. The regiment is a unit of the Italian Army's mountain infantry speciality, the Alpini, which distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment is one of the most decorated units of the Italian Army, although its two Gold Medals of Military Valor were awarded to the regiment's currently inactive Alpini Battalion "Aosta", respectively the currently active Skiers Battalion "Monte Cervino".

Formation
The 4th Alpini Regiment was formed on 1 November 1882. It consisted of the three battalions: "Val Pellice", "Val Chisone" and "Val Brenta", named after the valleys from which the battalion's soldiers were recruited. In 1886, the battalions were renamed, taking their new names from the location of their logistic depot: "Pinerolo", "Aosta" and "Ivrea". In 1888 the "Pinerolo" was transferred to the 3rd Alpini Regiment and in exchange the "Susa 2°" battalion was transferred from the 3rd to the 4th Alpini. In 1908 the "Susa" returned to the 3rd Alpini and in the city of Intra the "Pallanza" battalion was raised as substitute, with existing companies from other Alpini battalions. In 1909, the "Pallanza" was renamed "Intra". Thus the regiment's structure in 1910 was:


 * Nappina bianca.png Alpini Battalion "Ivrea", with the companies: 38, 39, 40
 * Nappina rossa.png Alpini Battalion "Aosta", with the companies: 41, 42, 43
 * Nappina verde.png Alpini Battalion "Intra", with the companies: 7 (former "Aosta" company), 24 (former "Pinerolo" company), 37 (former "Ivrea" company)

World War I
During World War I the regiment consisted of ten battalions and saw heavy fighting in the Alps regions of the Italian front against Austro-Hungarian and German forces. During the war, the regiment consisted of the following battalions (pre-war battalions in bold, followed by their first and second line reserve battalions):


 * Nappina bianca.png Ivrea, Val d'Orco, Monte Levanna, Pallanza
 * Nappina rossa.png Aosta, Val Baltea, Monte Cervino
 * Nappina verde.png Intra, Val Toce, Monte Rosa

The Alpini Battalion "Aosta" distinguished itself in 1917 during heavy combat on Monte Vodice and in 1918 on Monte Solarolo, for which the battalion was awarded Gold Medal of Military Valor. The regiment's battalions were also awarded five Silver Medals of Military Valor during the war, four of which were shared between the Intra and Val D'Orco battalions, the Aosta and Val Toce battalions, the Monte Levanna and Aosta battalions, and the Monte Levanna and Val Toce battalions. During the war a total of 31,000 men served in the 4th Alpini Regiment, of which 189 officers and 4,704 soldiers were killed, and 455 officers and 10,923 soldiers were wounded.

Interwar years
On 10 September 1935, the 1st Alpine Division "Taurinense" was formed, which consisted of the 3rd Alpini Regiment, 4th Alpini Regiment, and 1st Mountain Artillery Regiment. The division participated in 1936 in the Italian invasion of Abyssinia.

World War II
In 1940, the regiment, as part of the Taurinense division, fought in the Italian attack on Greece. After the German invasion of Yugoslavia the Taurinense performed garrison and anti-partisan duties in Montenegro. After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943, most of the division was captured by German forces near Kotor, while the Alpini Battalion "Ivrea" and Alpine Artillery Group "Aosta" joined the Yugoslav Partisans and formed the Partisan Division "Garibaldi".

Cold War
After World War II the 4th Alpini Regiment was reformed on 15 April 1946 with the battalions "Aosta", "Saluzzo" and "Susa". In 1953, the "Mondovì" battalion was reactivated as fourth battalion of the regiment. The 4th Alpini Regiment was the infantry component of Alpine Brigade "Taurinense". On 26 October 1962, the "Mondovì" was transferred to the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia to augment the Alpine Brigade "Julia" and in 1963, the "Aosta" battalion was transferred to the Alpine Military School in Aosta. Four years later, it was again subordinated to 4th Alpini Regiment.

In the early stages of the Cold War the 4th Alpini Regiment consisted of the following units:


 * CoA mil ITA rgt alpini 004.png 4th Alpini Regiment, in Turin
 * Nappina blu - Regimental supports.png Command and Services Company, in Turin
 * Nappina bianca.png Alpini Battalion "Mondovì", in Paluzza (raised in 1953, transferred to the Alpine Brigade "Julia" on 26 October 1962)
 * Nappina bianca.png 9th Alpini Company
 * Nappina bianca.png 10th Alpini Company
 * Nappina bianca.png 11th Alpini Company
 * Nappina bianca.png 103rd Mortar Company
 * Nappina rossa.png Alpini Battalion "Aosta", in Aosta (assigned to the Alpine Military School between 1963–1967)
 * Nappina rossa.png 41st Alpini Company
 * Nappina rossa.png 42nd Alpini Company
 * Nappina rossa.png 43rd Alpini Company
 * Nappina rossa.png 143rd Mortar Company
 * Nappina verde.png Alpini Battalion "Saluzzo", in Borgo San Dalmazzo
 * Nappina verde.png 21st Alpini Company
 * Nappina verde.png 22nd Alpini Company
 * Nappina verde.png 23rd Alpini Company
 * Nappina verde.png 106th Mortar Company
 * Nappina blu.png Alpini Battalion "Susa", in Pinerolo
 * Nappina blu.png 34th Alpini Company
 * Nappina blu.png 35th Alpini Company
 * Nappina blu.png 36th Alpini Company
 * Nappina blu.png 133rd Mortar Company

During the 1975 army reform the army disbanded the regimental level and newly independent battalions were given for the first time their own flags. On 10 October 1975, the 4th Alpini Regiment was disbanded and on the same day the regiment's Alpini Battalion "Aosta" in Aosta was assigned the flag and traditions of the 4th Alpini Regiment. The "Aosta" was assigned to the Alpine Military School and would have joined the Taurinense only in case of war. On 11 September 1989 the Alpini Battalion "Aosta" was reorganized as Tactical Logistic Support Battalion "Aosta", which supported the Alpine Military School.

Organization


On 1 July 1998, Logistical and Tactical Support Battalion "Aosta" was merged with the Complement Officer Cadets Battalion and redesignated as Training Battalion "Aosta". In 2001 the battalion was reduced Training Grouping "Aosta" and therefore transferred the flag of the 4th Alpini Regiment to the Shrine of the Flags in the Vittoriano in Rome..

On 25 September 2004, the 4th Alpini Regiment was reformed as 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment in the city of Bolzano with the existing Alpini Paratroopers Battalion "Monte Cervino" as its only battalion. Today the 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment is one of three special forces regiments of the Italian Army. The Alpini Paratroopers have recently served in Iraq and one of the regiment's companies was continuously rotated to Afghanistan. In January 2011, the regiment moved to its new base in Montorio Veronese and in 2013 joined the newly formed Army Special Forces Command (COMFOSE).

As of 2023 the regiment's structure is as follows:


 * CoA mil ITA rgt alpini 004.png 4th Alpini Paratroopers Regiment, in Montorio Veronese
 * Nappina blu - Regimental supports.png Regimental Command
 * Nappina blu - Regimental supports.png Staff and Personnel Office
 * Nappina blu - Regimental supports.png Operations, Training and Information Office
 * Nappina blu - Regimental supports.png Logistic and Administrative Office
 * Nappina blu - Regimental supports.png Command and Logistic Support Company "Aquile"
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png Alpini Paratroopers Battalion "Monte Cervino"
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png 1st Ranger Company
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png 2nd Ranger Company
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png 3rd Ranger Company
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png 80th Maneuver Support Company
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png Operational Support Battalion "Intra"
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png Operational Support Company
 * Nappina blu - Comando Alpino.png Training Company

The Command and Logistic Support Company fields the following platoons: C3 Platoon, Transport and Materiel Platoon, Medical Platoon, and Commissariat Platoon. The Operational Support Company consists of a C4 Platoon and a Mobility Support Platoon. Each Ranger company fields three platoons of 36 men. The Maneuver Support Company fields an Anti-tank Platoon with eight Spike MR anti-tank guided missiles launchers, a Heavy Mortar Platoon with three F1 120mm mortars and a Medium Mortar Platoon with three Expal 81mm mortars. The maneuver support company is equipped with a total of six F1 120mm mortars and six Expal 81mm mortars, allowing the mortar platoons to switch between calibres as needed.

Military honors
The 4th Alpini Regiment is one of the most decorated regiments of the Italian Army. During its existence the regiment and its battalions were awarded:


 * 1x Knight Cross of the Military Order of Italy for service in World War I
 * 1x Knight Cross of the Military Order of Italy for service in the War on Terror 2002-2018
 * 2x Gold Medals of Military Valor:
 * 1x for the conquest of Monte Solarolo by the "Aosta" battalion, 25–27 October 1918
 * 1x for the campaign in the Soviet Union by the Skiers Battalion "Monte Cervino"
 * 9x Silver Medals of Military Valor:
 * 1x for the conquest of the saddle between Monte Nero and Monte Rosso by the "Intra" and "Val d'Orco" battalions, 19–21 July 1915
 * 1x for the conquest and defense of the Austrian positions on Alpe di Cosmagnon by the "Aosta" and "Val Toce" battalions, 10 September and 9–12 October 1916
 * 1x for the conquest of Monte Vodice by the "Aosta" and "Levanna" battalions, 18–21 May 1917
 * 1x for the service of the "Monte Cervino" battalion during the battles of Monte Vodice, 26–30 May 1917, Monte Melette, 17–26 November 1917 and Monte Fior, 4 December 1917
 * 1x for operations of the "Levanna" and "Val Toce" battalions on Monte Solarolo, 24–28 October 1918
 * 1x for the defense of the Mecan Pass by the "Intra" battalion during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, 31 March 1936
 * 1x for the service of the "Monte Cervino" battalion during the Greco-Italian War, 10 January to 23 April 1941
 * 1x for the refusal of the "Ivrea" battalion to surrender to German Forces after the armistice of September 1943 and the subsequent service with Yugoslav partisans in Montenegro, September to November 1943
 * 1x for the service of the "Piemonte" battalion with the Italian Co-Belligerent Army during the Italian liberation campaign, 18 March 1944 to 8 May 1945
 * 1x "Bronze Medal of Military Valor" for defensive operations of the "Intra" battalion during the Greco-Italian War, 24–26 January 1941
 * 1x "Silver Medal of Civil Valor" for service after the 1957 Piedmont floods
 * 1x "Silver Medal of Civil Merit" for service after the 1908 Messina earthquake