51st United States Congress

The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.

The Republicans maintained their majority in the Senate, and won the majority in the House. With Benjamin Harrison being sworn in as president on March 4, 1889, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 43rd Congress in 1873–1875.

Major events

 * March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison became President of the United States
 * December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre

Major legislation


It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government.

Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided American Civil War veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans. Grover Cleveland had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892.

Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative, and future President, William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator John Sherman.

The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year.

Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote. Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored a so-called Lodge Bill that would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote.


 * June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act
 * July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647,
 * July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708,
 * August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
 * October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244,
 * March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891
 * March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891
 * March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891
 * March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891
 * March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act)

States admitted and territories organized

 * November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states.
 * November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state.
 * November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state.
 * May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized.
 * July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state.
 * July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state.

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.

Senate

 * President: Levi P. Morton (R)
 * President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889
 * Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891
 * Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890
 * Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R)
 * Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson
 * Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman
 * Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.


 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.

Alabama

 * 2. John T. Morgan (D)
 * 3. James L. Pugh (D)

Arkansas

 * 2. James H. Berry (D)
 * 3. James K. Jones (D)

California

 * 1. George Hearst (D), until February 28, 1891
 * 3. Leland Stanford (R)

Colorado

 * 2. Edward O. Wolcott (R)
 * 3. Henry M. Teller (R)

Connecticut

 * 1. Joseph R. Hawley (R)
 * 3. Orville H. Platt (R)

Delaware

 * 1. George Gray (D)
 * 2. Anthony Higgins (R)

Florida

 * 1. Samuel Pasco (D)
 * 3. Wilkinson Call (D)

Georgia

 * 2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D)
 * 3. Joseph E. Brown (D)

Idaho

 * 2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890
 * 3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890

Illinois

 * 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
 * 3. Charles B. Farwell (R)

Indiana

 * 1. David Turpie (D)
 * 3. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)

Iowa

 * 2. James F. Wilson (R)
 * 3. William B. Allison (R)

Kansas

 * 2. Preston B. Plumb (R)
 * 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

Kentucky

 * 2. James B. Beck (D), until May 3, 1890
 * John G. Carlisle (D), from May 26, 1890
 * 3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

Louisiana

 * 2. Randall L. Gibson (D)
 * 3. James B. Eustis (D)

Maine

 * 1. Eugene Hale (R)
 * 2. William P. Frye (R)

Maryland

 * 1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D)
 * 3. Ephraim K. Wilson II (D), until February 24, 1891

Massachusetts

 * 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)
 * 2. George F. Hoar (R)

Michigan

 * 1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R)
 * 2. James McMillan (R)

Minnesota

 * 1. Cushman K. Davis (R)
 * 2. William D. Washburn (R)

Mississippi

 * 1. James Z. George (D)
 * 2. Edward C. Walthall (D)

Missouri

 * 1. Francis Cockrell (D)
 * 3. George G. Vest (D)

Montana

 * 1. Wilbur F. Sanders (R), from January 1, 1890
 * 2. Thomas C. Power (R), from January 2, 1890

Nebraska

 * 1. Algernon S. Paddock (R)
 * 2. Charles F. Manderson (R)

Nevada

 * 1. William M. Stewart (R)
 * 3. John P. Jones (R)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Gilman Marston (R), until June 18, 1889
 * William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889
 * 3. Henry W. Blair (R)

New Jersey

 * 1. Rufus Blodgett (D)
 * 2. John R. McPherson (D)

New York

 * 1. Frank Hiscock (R)
 * 3. William M. Evarts (R)

North Carolina

 * 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
 * 3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)

North Dakota

 * 1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889
 * 3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 25, 1889

Ohio

 * 1. John Sherman (R)
 * 3. Henry B. Payne (D)

Oregon

 * 2. Joseph N. Dolph (R)
 * 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. Matthew S. Quay (R)
 * 3. J. Donald Cameron (R)

Rhode Island

 * 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R)
 * 2. Jonathan Chace (R), until April 9, 1889
 * Nathan F. Dixon III (R), from April 10, 1889

South Carolina

 * 2. Matthew C. Butler (D)
 * 3. Wade Hampton III (D)

South Dakota

 * 2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R), from November 2, 1889
 * 3. Gideon C. Moody (R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee

 * 1. William B. Bate (D)
 * 2. Isham G. Harris (D)

Texas

 * 1. John H. Reagan (D)
 * 2. Richard Coke (D)

Vermont

 * 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
 * 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

 * 1. John W. Daniel (D)
 * 2. John S. Barbour Jr. (D)

Washington

 * 1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889
 * 3. Watson C. Squire (R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia

 * 1. Charles J. Faulkner Jr. (D)
 * 2. John E. Kenna (D)

Wisconsin

 * 1. Philetus Sawyer (R)
 * 3. John C. Spooner (R)

Wyoming

 * 1. Francis E. Warren (R), from November 24, 1890
 * 2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890





House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

 * Alabama's 1st congressional district. Richard H. Clarke (D)
 * Alabama's 2nd congressional district. Hilary A. Herbert (D)
 * Alabama's 3rd congressional district. William C. Oates (D)
 * Alabama's 4th congressional district. Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890
 * John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890
 * Alabama's 5th congressional district. James E. Cobb (D)
 * Alabama's 6th congressional district. John H. Bankhead (D)
 * Alabama's 7th congressional district. William H. Forney (D)
 * Alabama's 8th congressional district. Joseph Wheeler (D)

Arkansas

 * Arkansas's 1st congressional district. William H. Cate (D), until March 5, 1890
 * Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890
 * Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until September 5, 1890
 * Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), from November 4, 1890
 * Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. Thomas C. McRae (D)
 * Arkansas's 4th congressional district. John H. Rogers (D)
 * Arkansas's 5th congressional district. Samuel W. Peel (D)

California

 * California's 1st congressional district. John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890
 * Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890
 * California's 2nd congressional district. Marion Biggs (D)
 * California's 3rd congressional district. Joseph McKenna (R)
 * California's 4th congressional district. William W. Morrow (R)
 * California's 5th congressional district. Thomas J. Clunie (D)
 * California's 6th congressional district. William Vandever (R)

Colorado

 * Colorado's at-large congressional district. Hosea Townsend (R)

Connecticut

 * Connecticut's 1st congressional district. William E. Simonds (R)
 * Connecticut's 2nd congressional district. Washington F. Willcox (D)
 * Connecticut's 3rd congressional district. Charles A. Russell (R)
 * Connecticut's 4th congressional district. Frederick Miles (R)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district. John B. Penington (D)

Florida

 * Florida's 1st congressional district. Robert H. M. Davidson (D)
 * Florida's 2nd congressional district. Robert Bullock (D)

Georgia

 * Georgia's 1st congressional district. Rufus E. Lester (D)
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district. Henry G. Turner (D)
 * Georgia's 3rd congressional district. Charles F. Crisp (D)
 * Georgia's 4th congressional district. Thomas W. Grimes (D)
 * Georgia's 5th congressional district. John D. Stewart (D)
 * Georgia's 6th congressional district. James H. Blount (D)
 * Georgia's 7th congressional district. Judson C. Clements (D)
 * Georgia's 8th congressional district. Henry H. Carlton (D)
 * Georgia's 9th congressional district. Allen D. Candler (D)
 * Georgia's 10th congressional district. George T. Barnes (D)

Idaho

 * Idaho's at-large congressional district. Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890

Illinois

 * Illinois's 1st congressional district. Abner Taylor (R)
 * Illinois's 2nd congressional district. Frank Lawler (D)
 * Illinois's 3rd congressional district. William E. Mason (R)
 * Illinois's 4th congressional district. George E. Adams (R)
 * Illinois's 5th congressional district. Albert J. Hopkins (R)
 * Illinois's 6th congressional district. Robert R. Hitt (R)
 * Illinois's 7th congressional district. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
 * Illinois's 8th congressional district. Charles A. Hill (R)
 * Illinois's 9th congressional district. Lewis E. Payson (R)
 * Illinois's 10th congressional district. Philip S. Post (R)
 * Illinois's 11th congressional district. William H. Gest (R)
 * Illinois's 12th congressional district. Scott Wike (D)
 * Illinois's 13th congressional district. William M. Springer (D)
 * Illinois's 14th congressional district. Jonathan H. Rowell (R)
 * Illinois's 15th congressional district. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
 * Illinois's 16th congressional district. George W. Fithian (D)
 * Illinois's 17th congressional district. Edward Lane (D)
 * Illinois's 18th congressional district. William S. Forman (D)
 * Illinois's 19th congressional district. Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889
 * James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889
 * Illinois's 20th congressional district. George Washington Smith (R)

Indiana

 * Indiana's 1st congressional district. William F. Parrett (D)
 * Indiana's 2nd congressional district. John H. O'Neall (D)
 * Indiana's 3rd congressional district. Jason B. Brown (D)
 * Indiana's 4th congressional district. William S. Holman (D)
 * Indiana's 5th congressional district. George W. Cooper (D)
 * Indiana's 6th congressional district. Thomas M. Browne (R)
 * Indiana's 7th congressional district. William D. Bynum (D)
 * Indiana's 8th congressional district. Elijah V. Brookshire (D)
 * Indiana's 9th congressional district. Joseph B. Cheadle (R)
 * Indiana's 10th congressional district. William D. Owen (R)
 * Indiana's 11th congressional district. Augustus N. Martin (D)
 * Indiana's 12th congressional district. Charles A. O. McClellan (D)
 * Indiana's 13th congressional district. Benjamin F. Shively (D)

Iowa

 * Iowa's 1st congressional district. John H. Gear (R)
 * Iowa's 2nd congressional district. Walter I. Hayes (D)
 * Iowa's 3rd congressional district. David B. Henderson (R)
 * Iowa's 4th congressional district. Joseph H. Sweney (R)
 * Iowa's 5th congressional district. Daniel Kerr (R)
 * Iowa's 6th congressional district. John F. Lacey (R)
 * Iowa's 7th congressional district. Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890
 * Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890
 * Iowa's 8th congressional district. James P. Flick (R)
 * Iowa's 9th congressional district. Joseph R. Reed (R)
 * Iowa's 10th congressional district. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)
 * Iowa's 11th congressional district. Isaac S. Struble (R)

Kansas

 * Kansas's 1st congressional district. Edmund N. Morrill (R)
 * Kansas's 2nd congressional district. Edward H. Funston (R)
 * Kansas's 3rd congressional district. Bishop W. Perkins (R)
 * Kansas's 4th congressional district. Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889
 * Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889
 * Kansas's 5th congressional district. John A. Anderson (R)
 * Kansas's 6th congressional district. Erastus J. Turner (R)
 * Kansas's 7th congressional district. Samuel R. Peters (R)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. William J. Stone (D)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. William T. Ellis (D)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. Isaac H. Goodnight (D)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Alexander B. Montgomery (D)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Asher G. Caruth (D)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. John G. Carlisle (D), until May 26, 1890
 * William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890
 * Kentucky's 7th congressional district. William C. P. Breckinridge (D)
 * Kentucky's 8th congressional district. James B. McCreary (D)
 * Kentucky's 9th congressional district. Thomas H. Paynter (D)
 * Kentucky's 10th congressional district. John H. Wilson (R)
 * Kentucky's 11th congressional district. Hugh F. Finley (R)

Louisiana

 * Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Theodore S. Wilkinson (D)
 * Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. Hamilton D. Coleman (R)
 * Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889
 * Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889
 * Louisiana's 4th congressional district. Newton C. Blanchard (D)
 * Louisiana's 5th congressional district. Charles J. Boatner (D)
 * Louisiana's 6th congressional district. Samuel M. Robertson (D)

Maine

 * Maine's 1st congressional district. Thomas B. Reed (R)
 * Maine's 2nd congressional district. Nelson Dingley Jr. (R)
 * Maine's 3rd congressional district. Seth L. Milliken (R)
 * Maine's 4th congressional district. Charles A. Boutelle (R)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. Charles H. Gibson (D)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Herman Stump (D)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. Henry W. Rusk (D)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Henry J. Stockbridge Jr. (R)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Barnes Compton (D), until March 20, 1890
 * Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. Louis E. McComas (R)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. Charles S. Randall (R)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Elijah A. Morse (R)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. John F. Andrew (D)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Joseph H. O'Neil (D)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. Nathaniel P. Banks (R)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. William Cogswell (R)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Frederic T. Greenhalge (R)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. John W. Candler (R)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Joseph H. Walker (R)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. Rodney Wallace (R)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district. Francis W. Rockwell (R)

Michigan

 * Michigan's 1st congressional district. J. Logan Chipman (D)
 * Michigan's 2nd congressional district. Edward P. Allen (R)
 * Michigan's 3rd congressional district. James O'Donnell (R)
 * Michigan's 4th congressional district. Julius C. Burrows (R)
 * Michigan's 5th congressional district. Charles E. Belknap (R)
 * Michigan's 6th congressional district. Mark S. Brewer (R)
 * Michigan's 7th congressional district. Justin R. Whiting (D)
 * Michigan's 8th congressional district. Aaron T. Bliss (R)
 * Michigan's 9th congressional district. Byron M. Cutcheon (R)
 * Michigan's 10th congressional district. Frank W. Wheeler (R)
 * Michigan's 11th congressional district. Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

Minnesota

 * Minnesota's 1st congressional district. Mark H. Dunnell (R)
 * Minnesota's 2nd congressional district. John Lind (R)
 * Minnesota's 3rd congressional district. Darwin S. Hall (R)
 * Minnesota's 4th congressional district. Samuel P. Snider (R)
 * Minnesota's 5th congressional district. Solomon G. Comstock (R)

Mississippi

 * Mississippi's 1st congressional district. John M. Allen (D)
 * Mississippi's 2nd congressional district. James B. Morgan (D)
 * Mississippi's 3rd congressional district. Thomas C. Catchings (D)
 * Mississippi's 4th congressional district. Clarke Lewis (D)
 * Mississippi's 5th congressional district. Chapman L. Anderson (D)
 * Mississippi's 6th congressional district. Thomas R. Stockdale (D)
 * Mississippi's 7th congressional district. Charles E. Hooker (D)

Missouri

 * Missouri's 1st congressional district. William H. Hatch (D)
 * Missouri's 2nd congressional district. Charles H. Mansur (D)
 * Missouri's 3rd congressional district. Alexander M. Dockery (D)
 * Missouri's 4th congressional district. Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889
 * Missouri's 5th congressional district. John C. Tarsney (D)
 * Missouri's 6th congressional district. John T. Heard (D)
 * Missouri's 7th congressional district. Richard H. Norton (D)
 * Missouri's 8th congressional district. Frederick G. Niedringhaus (R)
 * Missouri's 9th congressional district. Nathan Frank (R)
 * Missouri's 10th congressional district. William M. Kinsey (R)
 * Missouri's 11th congressional district. Richard P. Bland (D)
 * Missouri's 12th congressional district. William J. Stone (D)
 * Missouri's 13th congressional district. William H. Wade (R)
 * Missouri's 14th congressional district. James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890
 * Robert H. Whitelaw (D), from November 4, 1890

Montana

 * Montana's at-large congressional district. Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889

Nebraska

 * Nebraska's 1st congressional district. William J. Connell (R)
 * Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889
 * Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889
 * Nebraska's 3rd congressional district. George W. E. Dorsey (R)

Nevada

 * Nevada's at-large congressional district. Horace F. Bartine (R)

New Hampshire

 * New Hampshire's 1st congressional district. Alonzo Nute (R)
 * New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district. Orren C. Moore (R)

New Jersey

 * New Jersey's 1st congressional district. Christopher A. Bergen (R)
 * New Jersey's 2nd congressional district. James Buchanan (R)
 * New Jersey's 3rd congressional district. Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D)
 * New Jersey's 4th congressional district. Samuel Fowler (D)
 * New Jersey's 5th congressional district. Charles D. Beckwith (R)
 * New Jersey's 6th congressional district. Herman Lehlbach (R)
 * New Jersey's 7th congressional district. William McAdoo (D)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. James W. Covert (D)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Felix Campbell (D)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. William C. Wallace (R)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. John M. Clancy (D)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. Thomas F. Magner (D)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889
 * Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Edward J. Dunphy (D)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889
 * Amos J. Cummings (D), from November 5, 1889
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Francis B. Spinola (D)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. John Quinn (D)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. Roswell P. Flower (D)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Ashbel P. Fitch (D)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. William G. Stahlnecker (D)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Moses D. Stivers (R)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. John H. Ketcham (R)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Charles J. Knapp (R)
 * New York's 18th congressional district. John A. Quackenbush (R)
 * New York's 19th congressional district. Charles Tracey (D)
 * New York's 20th congressional district. John Sanford (R)
 * New York's 21st congressional district. John H. Moffitt (R)
 * New York's 22nd congressional district. Frederick Lansing (R)
 * New York's 23rd congressional district. James S. Sherman (R)
 * New York's 24th congressional district. David Wilber (R), until April 1, 1890
 * John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890
 * New York's 25th congressional district. James J. Belden (R)
 * New York's 26th congressional district. Milton De Lano (R)
 * New York's 27th congressional district. Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889
 * Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889
 * New York's 28th congressional district. Thomas S. Flood (R)
 * New York's 29th congressional district. John Raines (R)
 * New York's 30th congressional district. Charles S. Baker (R)
 * New York's 31st congressional district. John G. Sawyer (R)
 * New York's 32nd congressional district. John M. Farquhar (R)
 * New York's 33rd congressional district. John McClure Wiley (D)
 * New York's 34th congressional district. William G. Laidlaw (R)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Thomas G. Skinner (D)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Henry P. Cheatham (R)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Charles W. McClammy (D)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. Benjamin H. Bunn (D)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. John M. Brower (R)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Alfred Rowland (D)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. John S. Henderson (D)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. William H. H. Cowles (D)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Hamilton G. Ewart (R)

North Dakota

 * North Dakota's at-large congressional district. Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889

Ohio

 * Ohio's 1st congressional district. Benjamin Butterworth (R)
 * Ohio's 2nd congressional district. John A. Caldwell (R)
 * Ohio's 3rd congressional district. Elihu S. Williams (R)
 * Ohio's 4th congressional district. Samuel S. Yoder (D)
 * Ohio's 5th congressional district. George E. Seney (D)
 * Ohio's 6th congressional district. Melvin M. Boothman (R)
 * Ohio's 7th congressional district. Henry L. Morey (R)
 * Ohio's 8th congressional district. Robert P. Kennedy (R)
 * Ohio's 9th congressional district. William C. Cooper (R)
 * Ohio's 10th congressional district. William E. Haynes (D)
 * Ohio's 11th congressional district. Albert C. Thompson (R)
 * Ohio's 12th congressional district. Jacob J. Pugsley (R)
 * Ohio's 13th congressional district. Joseph H. Outhwaite (D)
 * Ohio's 14th congressional district. Charles P. Wickham (R)
 * Ohio's 15th congressional district. Charles H. Grosvenor (R)
 * Ohio's 16th congressional district. James W. Owens (D)
 * Ohio's 17th congressional district. Joseph D. Taylor (R)
 * Ohio's 18th congressional district. William McKinley (R)
 * Ohio's 19th congressional district. Ezra B. Taylor (R)
 * Ohio's 20th congressional district. Martin L. Smyser (R)
 * Ohio's 21st congressional district. Theodore E. Burton (R)

Oregon

 * Oregon's at-large congressional district. Binger Hermann (R)

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Henry H. Bingham (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Charles O'Neill (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890
 * Richard Vaux (D), from May 20, 1890
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890
 * John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Alfred C. Harmer (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. Smedley Darlington (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. Robert M. Yardley (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. William Mutchler (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. David B. Brunner (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. Marriott Brosius (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Joseph A. Scranton (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district. Edwin S. Osborne (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district. James B. Reilly (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district. John W. Rife (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district. Myron B. Wright (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district. Henry C. McCormick (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 17th congressional district. Charles R. Buckalew (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district. Louis E. Atkinson (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 19th congressional district. Levi Maish (D)
 * Pennsylvania's 20th congressional district. Edward Scull (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 21st congressional district. Samuel A. Craig (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 22nd congressional district. John Dalzell (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 23rd congressional district. Thomas M. Bayne (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 24th congressional district. Joseph W. Ray (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 25th congressional district. Charles C. Townsend (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 26th congressional district. William C. Culbertson (R)
 * Pennsylvania's 27th congressional district. Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890
 * Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890
 * Pennsylvania's 28th congressional district. James Kerr (D)

Rhode Island

 * Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. Henry J. Spooner (R)
 * Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district. Warren O. Arnold (R)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Samuel Dibble (D)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. George D. Tillman (D)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. James S. Cothran (D)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. William H. Perry (D)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. John J. Hemphill (D)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. George W. Dargan (D)
 * South Carolina's 7th congressional district. William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890
 * Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890

South Dakota
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (2 Republicans)
 * South Dakota's at-large congressional district. Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889
 * South Dakota's at-large congressional district. John A. Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. Alfred A. Taylor (R)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. Leonidas C. Houk (R)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Henry Clay Evans (R)
 * Tennessee's 4th congressional district. Benton McMillin (D)
 * Tennessee's 5th congressional district. James D. Richardson (D)
 * Tennessee's 6th congressional district. Joseph E. Washington (D)
 * Tennessee's 7th congressional district. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
 * Tennessee's 8th congressional district. Benjamin A. Enloe (D)
 * Tennessee's 9th congressional district. Rice A. Pierce (D)
 * Tennessee's 10th congressional district. James Phelan Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter

Texas

 * Texas's 1st congressional district. Charles Stewart (D)
 * Texas's 2nd congressional district. William H. Martin (D)
 * Texas's 3rd congressional district. Constantine B. Kilgore (D)
 * Texas's 4th congressional district. David B. Culberson (D)
 * Texas's 5th congressional district. Silas Hare (D)
 * Texas's 6th congressional district. Joseph Abbott (D)
 * Texas's 7th congressional district. William H. Crain (D)
 * Texas's 8th congressional district. Littleton W. Moore (D)
 * Texas's 9th congressional district. Roger Q. Mills (D)
 * Texas's 10th congressional district. Joseph D. Sayers (D)
 * Texas's 11th congressional district. Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district. John W. Stewart (R)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district. William W. Grout (R)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. Thomas H. B. Browne (R)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. George E. Bowden (R)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890
 * Edmund Waddill Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890
 * John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Posey G. Lester (D)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Paul C. Edmunds (D)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Charles T. O'Ferrall (D)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. William H. F. Lee (D)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. John A. Buchanan (D)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

Washington

 * Washington's at-large congressional district. John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia

 * West Virginia's 1st congressional district. John O. Pendleton (D), until February 26, 1890
 * George W. Atkinson (R), from February 26, 1890
 * West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. William L. Wilson (D)
 * West Virginia's 3rd congressional district. John D. Alderson (D)
 * West Virginia's 4th congressional district. James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890
 * Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890

Wisconsin

 * Wisconsin's 1st congressional district. Lucien B. Caswell (R)
 * Wisconsin's 2nd congressional district. Charles Barwig (D)
 * Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R)
 * Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. Isaac W. Van Schaick (R)
 * Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. George H. Brickner (D)
 * Wisconsin's 6th congressional district. Charles B. Clark (R)
 * Wisconsin's 7th congressional district. Ormsby B. Thomas (R)
 * Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. Nils P. Haugen (R)
 * Wisconsin's 9th congressional district. Myron H. McCord (R)

Wyoming

 * Wyoming's at-large congressional district. Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890

Non-voting members

 * Arizona Territory's at-large congressional district. Marcus A. Smith (D)
 * Dakota Territory's at-large congressional district. George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889
 * Idaho Territory's at-large congressional district. Fred Dubois (R), until July 3, 1890
 * Montana Territory's at-large congressional district. Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889
 * New Mexico Territory's at-large congressional district. Antonio Joseph (D)
 * Oklahoma Territory's at-large congressional district. David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890
 * Utah Territory's at-large congressional district. John T. Caine (D)
 * Washington Territory's at-large congressional district. John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889
 * Wyoming Territory's at-large congressional district. Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890

51 us house membership.png]]

Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * Replacements: 3
 * Democratic: no net change
 * Republican: no net change
 * Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss
 * Deaths: 3
 * Resignations: 2
 * Interim appointments: 1
 * Seats of newly admitted states: 12
 * Total seats with changes: 17

House of Representatives

 * Replacements: 16
 * Democratic: 2-seat net gain
 * Republican: 2-seat net loss
 * Deaths: 11
 * Resignations: 6
 * Contested election:8
 * Seats of newly admitted states: 7
 * Total seats with changes: 33

Senate

 * Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Daniel W. Voorhees; Ranking Member: William M. Evarts)
 * Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
 * Appropriations (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
 * Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)
 * Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)
 * Census (Chairman: Eugene Hale; Ranking Member: James H. Berry)
 * Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
 * Claims (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones)
 * Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph N. Dolph; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
 * Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom)
 * Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
 * Education and Labor (Chairman: Henry W. Blair; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
 * Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom)
 * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member: Wilbur F. Sanders)
 * Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)
 * Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
 * Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray)
 * Executive Departments Methods (Select)
 * Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)
 * Fisheries (Chairman: Francis B. Stockbridge; Ranking Member: Wade Hampton III)
 * Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member: J. Donald Cameron)
 * Foreign Relations (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
 * Immigration (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
 * Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
 * Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)
 * Library (Chairman: William M. Evarts; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: James McMillan; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
 * Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: William B. Bate)
 * Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: J. Donald Cameron; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
 * Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar)
 * Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
 * Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray)
 * Pensions (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Philetus Sawyer; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon)
 * Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member: Charles F. Manderson)
 * Printing (Chairman: Charles F. Manderson; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member: William M. Stewart)
 * Privileges and Elections (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)
 * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Leland Stanford; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Preston B. Plumb; Ranking Member: Richard F. Pettigrew)
 * Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis)
 * Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Brown)
 * Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim K. Wilson)
 * Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Coke; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill)
 * Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
 * Senate Administrative Services (Select)
 * Tariff Regulation (Select)
 * Territories (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)
 * Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)
 * Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)
 * Whole
 * Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)

House of Representatives

 * Accounts (Chairman: Henry J. Spooner; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)
 * Agriculture (Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch)
 * Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
 * Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall)
 * Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)
 * Claims (Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan)
 * Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland)
 * Commerce (Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.)
 * Disposition of Executive Papers
 * District of Columbia (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill)
 * Education (Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham)
 * Elections (Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)
 * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Robert P. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore)
 * Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Edward Lane)
 * Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
 * Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney)
 * Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Judson C. Clements)
 * Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John M. Brower; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood)
 * Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Joseph A. Scranton; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs)
 * Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell)
 * Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William C.P. Breckinridge)
 * Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member: Joseph H. O'Neil)
 * Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert R. Hitt; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)
 * Indian Affairs (Chairman: Bishop W. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson)
 * Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Edmund N. Morrill; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)
 * Judiciary (Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)
 * Labor (Chairman: William H. Wade; Ranking Member: Aaron T. Bliss)
 * Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith)
 * Manufactures (Chairman: James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum)
 * Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)
 * Mileage (Chairman: John Lind; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie)
 * Military Affairs (Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider)
 * Militia (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley)
 * Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord)
 * Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)
 * Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John Dalzell; Ranking Member: James P. Flick)
 * Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans)
 * Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne)
 * Printing (Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
 * Private Land Claims (Chairman: Lucien B. Caswell; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)
 * Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry H. Bingham; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)
 * Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Seth L. Milliken; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman)
 * Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)
 * Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge)
 * Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member: Frederick G. Niedringhaus)
 * Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)
 * Standards of Official Conduct
 * Territories (Chairman: Isaac S. Struble; Ranking Member: George W. Smith)
 * War Claims (Chairman: Ormsby B. Thomas; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver)
 * Ways and Means (Chairman: William McKinley; Ranking Member: John G. Carlisle)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
 * Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
 * The Library
 * Printing

Caucuses

 * Democratic (House)
 * Democratic (Senate)

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
 * Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
 * Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889
 * Francis W. Palmer, from 1889

Senate

 * Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)
 * Secretary: Anson G. McCook
 * Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
 * Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890
 * Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
 * Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889
 * Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889
 * Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams
 * Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890
 * James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890
 * Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield
 * Edward F. Goodwin
 * Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R)
 * Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889
 * Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889