9th United States Congress

The 9th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1805, to March 4, 1807, during the fifth and sixth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.



Major events

 * March 4, 1805: President Thomas Jefferson begins his second term.
 * June 1, 1805: First Barbary War ends.
 * November 7, 1805: Lewis and Clark Expedition arrives at the Pacific Ocean.
 * September 23, 1806: Lewis and Clark Expedition returns to St. Louis, Missouri, thereby ending the exploration of the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest.
 * February 19, 1807: Former Vice President Aaron Burr is tried for conspiracy and acquitted.

Major legislation

 * March 29, 1806: Cumberland Road, ch. 19,
 * February 24, 1807: Seventh Circuit Act of 1807, ch. 16,
 * March 2, 1807: Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, ch. 22,
 * March 3, 1807: Insurrection Act, ch. 39,

Territories organized

 * June 30, 1805: Michigan Territory was formed from a portion of the Indiana Territory

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

 * President: George Clinton (DR)
 * President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR)

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Nathaniel Macon (DR)

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
 * Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Connecticut

 * 1. James Hillhouse (F)
 * 3. Uriah Tracy (F)

Delaware

 * 1. Samuel White (F)
 * 2. James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

 * 2. Abraham Baldwin (DR)
 * 3. James Jackson (DR), until March 19, 1806
 * John Milledge (DR), from June 19, 1806

Kentucky

 * 2. Buckner Thruston (DR)
 * 3. John Breckinridge (DR), until August 7, 1805
 * John Adair (DR), November 8, 1805 – November 18, 1806
 * Henry Clay (DR), from November 19, 1806

Maryland

 * 1. Samuel Smith (DR)
 * 3. Robert Wright (DR), until November 12, 1806
 * Philip Reed (DR), from November 25, 1806

Massachusetts

 * 1. John Quincy Adams (F)
 * 2. Timothy Pickering (F)

New Hampshire

 * 2. Nicholas Gilman (DR)
 * 3. William Plumer (F)

New Jersey

 * 1. John Condit (DR)
 * 2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)

New York

 * 1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
 * 3. John Smith (DR)

North Carolina

 * 2. James Turner (DR), from December 22, 1805
 * 3. David Stone (DR), until February 17, 1807

Ohio

 * 1. John Smith (DR)
 * 3. Thomas Worthington (DR)

Pennsylvania

 * 1. Samuel Maclay (DR)
 * 3. George Logan (DR)

Rhode Island

 * 1. Benjamin Howland (DR)
 * 2. James Fenner (DR)

South Carolina

 * 2. Thomas Sumter (DR)
 * 3. John Gaillard (DR)

Tennessee

 * 1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
 * 2. Daniel Smith (DR)

Vermont

 * 1. Israel Smith (DR)
 * 3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)

Virginia

 * 1. Andrew Moore (DR)
 * 2. William B. Giles (DR)



House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers

Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Samuel W. Dana (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. John Davenport (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Timothy Pitkin (F), seated September 16, 1805
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. John Cotton Smith (F), until August 1806
 * Theodore Dwight (F), seated December 1, 1806
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Lewis B. Sturges (F), seated September 16, 1805
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district. James M. Broom (F)

Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Joseph Bryan (DR), until 1806
 * Dennis Smelt (DR), from September 1, 1806
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Peter Early (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. David Meriwether (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Cowles Mead (DR), until December 24, 1805
 * Thomas Spalding (DR), December 24, 1805 – 1806
 * William W. Bibb (DR), from January 26, 1807

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Matthew Lyon (DR)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. John Boyle (DR)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. Matthew Walton (DR)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Thomas Sandford (DR)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. John Fowler (DR)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. George M. Bedinger (DR)

Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. John Campbell (F)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Leonard Covington (DR)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. Patrick Magruder (DR)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Roger Nelson (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. William McCreery (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. John Archer (DR)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Joseph H. Nicholson (DR), until March 1, 1806
 * Edward Lloyd (DR), from December 3, 1806
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. Josiah Quincy (F)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Jacob Crowninshield (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Jeremiah Nelson (F)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. William Ely (F)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Samuel Taggart (F)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Joseph Barker (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Isaiah L. Green (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Phanuel Bishop (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Seth Hastings (F)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. William Stedman (F)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district. Barnabas Bidwell (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 14th congressional district. Richard Cutts (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 15th congressional district. Peleg Wadsworth (F)
 * Massachusetts's 16th congressional district. Orchard Cook (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 17th congressional district. John Chandler (DR)

New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Silas Betton (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Caleb Ellis (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. David Hough (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Samuel Tenney (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Thomas W. Thompson (F)

New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Ezra Darby (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Ebenezer Elmer (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. William Helms (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. John Lambert (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. James Sloan (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Henry Southard (DR)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district. Eliphalet Wickes (DR)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. and New York's 3rd congressional district. Joint district with two seats.
 * Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
 * George Clinton Jr. (DR)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. John Blake Jr. (DR)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Martin G. Schuneman (DR)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. Henry W. Livingston (F)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Josiah Masters (DR)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. Peter Sailly (DR)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. David Thomas (DR)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Thomas Sammons (DR)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. John Russell (DR)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. Nathan Williams (DR)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Uri Tracy (DR)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. Silas Halsey (DR)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Thomas Wynns (DR)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Willis Alston (DR)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Thomas Blount (DR)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. William Blackledge (DR)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Thomas Kenan (DR)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. Duncan McFarlan (DR)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Richard Stanford (DR)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Marmaduke Williams (DR)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Nathaniel Alexander (DR), until November 1805
 * Evan S. Alexander (DR), from February 24, 1806
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. James Holland (DR)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district. Joseph Winston (DR)

Ohio

 * Ohio's at-large congressional district. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania
There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Joseph Clay (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Michael Leib (DR), until February 14, 1806
 * John Porter (DR), from December 8, 1806
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Jacob Richards (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Robert Brown (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Frederick Conrad (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. John Pugh (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Isaac Anderson (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Christian Lower (DR), until December 19, 1806, vacant thereafter
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. John Whitehill (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. David Bard (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. John A. Hanna (DR), until July 23, 1805
 * Robert Whitehill (DR), from November 7, 1805
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Andrew Gregg (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. James Kelly (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. John Rea (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. William Findley (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. John Smilie (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. John Hamilton (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Samuel Smith (DR), seated November 7, 1805

Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district. Nehemiah Knight (DR)
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district. Joseph Stanton Jr. (DR)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Robert Marion (DR)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. William Butler Sr. (DR)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. David R. Williams (DR)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. O'Brien Smith (DR)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. Richard Winn (DR)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Levi Casey (DR), until February 3, 1807, vacant thereafter
 * South Carolina's 7th congressional district. Thomas Moore (DR)
 * South Carolina's 8th congressional district. Elias Earle (DR)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. John Rhea (DR)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. George W. Campbell (DR)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. William Dickson (DR)

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district. Gideon Olin (DR)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district. James Elliott (F)
 * Vermont's 3rd congressional district. James Fisk (DR)
 * Vermont's 4th congressional district. Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. John G. Jackson (DR)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. John Morrow (DR)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. John Smith (DR)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. David Holmes (DR)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Alexander Wilson (DR)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Abram Trigg (DR)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Joseph Lewis Jr. (F)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Walter Jones (DR)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. Philip R. Thompson (DR)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. John Dawson (DR)
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district. James M. Garnett (DR)
 * Virginia's 12th congressional district. Burwell Bassett (DR)
 * Virginia's 13th congressional district. Christopher Clark (DR), until July 1, 1806
 * William A. Burwell (DR), from December 1, 1806
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district. Matthew Clay (DR)
 * Virginia's 15th congressional district. John Randolph (DR)
 * Virginia's 16th congressional district. John W. Eppes (DR)
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district. John Claiborne (DR)
 * Virginia's 18th congressional district. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
 * Virginia's 19th congressional district. Edwin Gray (DR)
 * Virginia's 20th congressional district. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 21st congressional district. Thomas M. Randolph (DR)
 * Virginia's 22nd congressional district. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

 * Indiana Territory's at-large congressional district. Benjamin Parke, seated December 12, 1805
 * Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district. William Lattimore
 * Orleans Territory's at-large congressional district. Daniel Clark, seated December 1, 1806

Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

 * North Carolina (2)
 * Vacant
 * Montfort Stokes (DR) was elected in 1804 but declined the position. Successor elected December 22, 1805.
 * | James Turner (DR)
 * Seated December 22, 1805
 * Seated December 22, 1805


 * Kentucky (3)
 * | John Breckinridge (DR)
 * Resigned August 7, 1805, after being appointed United States Attorney General. Successor elected November 8, 1805, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807.
 * | John Adair (DR)
 * Seated November 8, 1805
 * Seated November 8, 1805


 * Georgia (3)
 * | James Jackson (DR)
 * Died March 19, 1806. Winner elected June 19, 1806, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807.
 * | John Milledge (DR)
 * Seated June 19, 1806
 * Seated June 19, 1806


 * Maryland (3)
 * | Robert Wright (DR)
 * Resigned November 12, 1806, after being elected Governor of Maryland. Successor elected November 25, 1806, to finish the term ending March 4, 1807 (as well as to the next term).
 * | Philip Reed (DR)
 * Seated November 25, 1806
 * Seated November 25, 1806


 * Kentucky (3)
 * | John Adair (DR)
 * Resigned November 18, 1806, after losing the election to the next term. Successor elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional age minimum.
 * | Henry Clay (DR)
 * Seated November 19, 1806
 * Seated November 19, 1806


 * North Carolina (3)
 * | David Stone (DR)
 * Resigned February 17, 1807. Vacant for remainder of Congress.
 * Vacant
 * Vacant


 * }

House of Representatives

 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Calvin Goddard (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress
 * | Timothy Pitkin (F)
 * Seated September 16, 1805
 * Seated September 16, 1805


 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Roger Griswold (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress
 * | Lewis B. Sturges (F)
 * Seated September 16, 1805
 * Seated September 16, 1805


 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district
 * Vacant
 * John B. C. Lucas (DR) resigned before the beginning of this Congress
 * | Samuel Smith (DR)
 * Seated November 7, 1805
 * Seated November 7, 1805


 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district
 * | John A. Hanna (DR)
 * Died July 23, 1805
 * | Robert Whitehill (DR)
 * Seated November 7, 1805
 * Seated November 7, 1805


 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district
 * | Nathaniel Alexander (DR)
 * Resigned November, 1805 after being elected Governor of North Carolina
 * | Evan S. Alexander (DR)
 * Seated February 24, 1806
 * Seated February 24, 1806


 * nowrap | Indiana Territory's at-large congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Territory elected delegate to Congress for first time
 * Benjamin Parke
 * Elected December 12, 1805
 * Elected December 12, 1805


 * Georgia's at-large congressional district
 * | Cowles Mead (DR)
 * Lost contested election December 24, 1805
 * | Thomas Spalding (DR)
 * Seated December 24, 1805
 * Seated December 24, 1805


 * Georgia's at-large congressional district
 * | Joseph Bryan (DR)
 * Resigned sometime in 1806
 * | Dennis Smelt (DR)
 * September 1, 1806
 * September 1, 1806


 * Georgia's at-large congressional district
 * | Thomas Spalding (DR)
 * Resigned sometime in 1806
 * | William W. Bibb (DR)
 * Seated January 26, 1807
 * Seated January 26, 1807


 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district
 * | Michael Leib (DR)
 * Resigned February 14, 1806
 * | John Porter (DR)
 * Seated December 8, 1806
 * Seated December 8, 1806


 * Maryland's 7th congressional district
 * | Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)
 * Resigned March 1, 1806
 * | Edward Lloyd (DR)
 * Seated December 3, 1806
 * Seated December 3, 1806


 * Virginia's 13th congressional district
 * | Christopher H. Clark (DR)
 * Resigned July 1, 1806
 * | William A. Burwell (DR)
 * December 1, 1806
 * December 1, 1806


 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district
 * | John Cotton Smith (F)
 * Resigned sometime in August, 1806
 * | Theodore Dwight (F)
 * December 1, 1806
 * December 1, 1806


 * nowrap | Orleans Territory's at-large congressional district
 * Vacant
 * Territory elected delegate to Congress for first time
 * Daniel Clark
 * Elected December 1, 1806
 * Elected December 1, 1806


 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district
 * | Christian Lower (DR)
 * Resigned December 19, 1806
 * Vacant
 * Not filled for remainder of term
 * Not filled for remainder of term


 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district
 * | Levi Casey (DR)
 * Died February 3, 1807
 * Vacant
 * Not filled for remainder of term
 * Not filled for remainder of term


 * }

Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

 * Army Regulations (Select)
 * Whole

House of Representatives

 * Accounts (Chairman: Frederick Conrad)
 * Claims (Chairman: John Cotton Smith then David Holmes)
 * Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Jacob Crowninshield)
 * Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
 * Public Lands (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then John Boyle then Andrew Gregg)
 * Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Samuel Tenney)
 * Rules (Select)
 * Standards of Official Conduct
 * Ways and Means (Chairman: John Randolph then Joseph Clay)
 * Whole

Joint committees

 * Enrolled Bills (Chairman: N/A then Sen. James Turner)
 * The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Legislative branch agency directors

 * Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
 * Librarian of Congress: John J. Beckley

Senate

 * Chaplain: Alexander T. McCormick, Episcopalian, elected November 7, 1804
 * Edward Gantt, Episcopalian, elected December 4, 1805
 * John J. Sayrs, Episcopalian, elected December 3, 1806
 * Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
 * Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives

 * Chaplain: James Laurie, Presbyterian, elected December 2, 1805
 * Robert Elliot, Presbyterian, elected December 1, 1806
 * Clerk: John Beckley
 * Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
 * Reading Clerks:
 * Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton