Abishemu of Byblos

Abishemu of Byblos (Ib-shemu; ʼb-šmw) was the ruler of the city-state of Byblos during the late Middle Bronze IIA (c. 1820-1628 BC). In relation to Syria, the ruler of byblos held the title "king" in the Mari Archive. However, Abishemu belongs to a sequence of rulers who held the Egyptian title Haty-aa of Kepny (ḥꜣty-ʻ n Kpny), indicating they served as "governors" for the great king of Egypt during the late 12th Dynasty and early 13th Dynasty.

Reign
Abishemu (also known as Abichemou) may have been the son of Kukun, son of Ruqqa/Luqqa (the R and L are interchangeable), and father of Ibshemuabi. His reign may correspond to the second half of the Middle Bronze II, when Byblos may have recognized the Great King of Egypt as its overlord, using the title Haty-aa and adopting Egyptian style as opposed to the Syrian style dominated by Yamhad and Qatna.

Attestations
Abishemu is mainly known from the Abishemu obelisk found in the Temple of Obelisks.

Transcribed: mry Ḥr-š·f ḥꜣty-ʻ n Kpny ʼb-šmw wḥm ʻnḫ [...]f Kwkwn śꜣ Rwqq mꜣʻ ḫrw

Translated: Beloved of Herishef, Haty-aa of Byblos (Governor), Ib-shemu, repeating life, his [father], Kukun, son of Ruqqa/Luqqa, justified (deceased).

Wehem ankh (wHm ʻnḫ) literally means "repeating life", an expression used in Ancient Egypt in various contexts, also as an epithet applied to the deceased from the Middle Kingdom onwards. Thus, the obelisk may be associated with the burial of Abishemu.

Theories
Some have speculated that "Kwkwn śꜣ Rwqq" in the Abishemu Obelisk may refer to Kukunnis, son of Lukka, Lukka being an ethnic group later considered to be among the purported "Sea Peoples", transliterated as Kukunnis, son of Lukka" (in analysis of the Sea Peoples, Lukka have been proposed as "Lycians").