Abu Esmail Moayed-o-din Togharayi

Abu Esmail Moayed-o-din Hosein-ebn-e-ali Esfahani Togharayi (Persian: ابواسماعیل موید الدین حسین ابن علی اصفهانی طغرایی) was a Persian poet and scholar of the Seljuq period. He was born in Isfahan, Iran in 1045 A.D. He had mastered all sciences of his time, and he also wrote some books about alchemy, such as:


 * Jame-ol-asrar ( جامع الاسرار)
 * Trakib-ol-anvar ( تراکیب الانوار)
 * Masabih-ol-hekmat va Mafatih-ol-rahmat (مصابیح الحکمه و مفاتیح الرحمه)
 * Haghaegh-ol-esteshhadat (حقائق الاستشهادات)
 * Zat-ol-faraed (ذات الفرائد)
 * Alrad Ali-ebn-e-sina fi Ebtal-el-kimia (الرد علی ابن سینا فی ابطال الکیمیا)

He also participated in political works and became the minister of Masoud-ebn-Mohamad Malek Shah.

Togharayi wrote a book of poems, the best known of which is Lamiyat al-Ajam (لامیة العجم) (L-song of the non-Arabs). Togharayi wrote Lamiyyat al-Ajam as a response to the celebrated pre-Islamic poem Lāmiyyāt al-‘Arab (L-song of the Arabs). Lamiyyat al-Ajam was later the subject of an encyclopedic 14th-century commentary by Al-Safadi, entitled Al-Ghayth al-Musajam fi Sharh Lamiyyat-Ajam (Flowing Desert Rains in the Commentary upon the L-Poem of the Non-Arabs).

Togharayi was ultimately accused of atheism, and executed in 1105 A.D.