Actinomadura

The genus Actinomadura is one of four genera of Actinomycetota that belong to the family Thermomonosporaceae. It contains aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-motile, chemo-organotrophic actinomycetes that produce well-developed, non-fragmenting vegetative mycelia and aerial hyphae that differentiate into surface-ornamented spore chains. These chains are of various lengths and can be straight, hooked or spiral. The genus currently comprises over 70 species with validly published names with standing in nomenclature, although the species status of some strains remains uncertain, and further comparative studies are needed.

Members of the genus are not characterized chemotaxonomically by type III/B cell walls (meso-diaminopimelic acid and madurose are present) with peptidoglycan structures of the acetyl type. The predominant menaquinone types are MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The phospholipid pattern is PI (diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol are present as major phospholipids) and the fatty acid pattern is type 3a (branched saturated and unsaturated fatty acids plus tuberculostearic acid).

Species
Actinomadura comprises the following species:


 * Actinomadura adrarensis Lahoum et al. 2016


 * Actinomadura alba Wang et al. 2007
 * "Actinomadura albolutea" Tohyama et al. 1984
 * Actinomadura algeriensis Lahoum et al. 2017
 * Actinomadura alkaliterrae Ay et al. 2017


 * Actinomadura apis Promnuan et al. 2011
 * Actinomadura atramentaria Miyadoh et al. 1987


 * "Actinomadura azurea" Nakamura and Isono 1983
 * Actinomadura bangladeshensis Ara et al. 2008
 * Actinomadura barringtoniae Rachniyom et al. 2018
 * "Actinomadura brunnea" Patel et al. 1987


 * Actinomadura catellatispora Lu et al. 2003


 * Actinomadura chibensis Hanafy et al. 2008
 * Actinomadura chokoriensis Ara et al. 2008
 * Actinomadura citrea Lavrova et al. 1972 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * Actinomadura coerulea Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)


 * Actinomadura craniellae Li et al. 2019
 * Actinomadura cremea Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * Actinomadura darangshiensis Lee and Kim 2015
 * "Actinomadura dassonvillei" (Brocq-Rousseau 1904) Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1970
 * Actinomadura decatromicini Songsumanus et al. 2021
 * Actinomadura deserti Cao et al. 2018


 * Actinomadura fibrosa Mertz and Yao 1990


 * Actinomadura flavalba Qin et al. 2009


 * Actinomadura formosensis (Hasegawa et al. 1986) Zhang et al. 1998
 * Actinomadura fulvescens Terekhova et al. 1987
 * Actinomadura gamaensis Abagana et al. 2016
 * Actinomadura geliboluensis Sazak et al. 2012
 * Actinomadura glauciflava Lu et al. 2003


 * Actinomadura hallensis Lee and Jeong 2006


 * Actinomadura hankyongensis corrig. Siddiqi et al. 2019
 * Actinomadura harenae Hu et al. 2020


 * Actinomadura hibisca Tomita et al. 1991
 * Actinomadura jiaoheensis Zhao et al. 2016
 * Actinomadura keratinilytica Puhl et al. 2009
 * Actinomadura kijaniata Horan and Brodsky 1982
 * Actinomadura latina Trujillo and Goodfellow 1997
 * Actinomadura lepetitiana Dalmastri et al. 2020


 * Actinomadura litoris Cao et al. 2021
 * Actinomadura livida Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * Actinomadura logoneensis Shi et al. 2019


 * Actinomadura luteofluorescens (Shinobu 1962) Preobrazhenskaya et al. 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * "Actinomadura luzonensis" Tomita et al. 1980
 * Actinomadura macra (ex Celmer et al. 1979) Huang 1980
 * Actinomadura macrotermitis Benndorf et al. 2020
 * Actinomadura madurae (Vincent 1894) Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * "Actinomadura maheshkhaliensis" Ara et al. 2008


 * "Actinomadura melliaura" Matson et al. 1989
 * Actinomadura meridiana Lee 2012
 * Actinomadura mexicana Quintana et al. 2004
 * Actinomadura meyerae corrig. Quintana et al. 2004


 * Actinomadura miaoliensis Tseng et al. 2009
 * Actinomadura montaniterrae Songsumanus et al. 2016
 * Actinomadura namibiensis Wink et al. 2003
 * Actinomadura napierensis Cook et al. 2005
 * Actinomadura nitritigenes Lipski and Altendorf 1995
 * Actinomadura oligospora Mertz and Yao 1986
 * "Actinomadura parvosata" Christensen et al. 1987
 * Actinomadura pelletieri (Laveran 1906) Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1970 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * Actinomadura physcomitrii Zhuang et al. 2020


 * "Actinomadura pulveracea" Iwami et al. 1985


 * Actinomadura rayongensis Phongsopitanun et al. 2015


 * Actinomadura rhizosphaerae Malisorn et al. 2018
 * Actinomadura rifamycini (Gauze et al. 1987) Promnuan et al. 2011
 * Actinomadura roseirufa Wieme et al. 2019


 * "Actinomadura routienii" Huang 1987


 * Actinomadura rubrisoli Ay 2021


 * Actinomadura rubteroloni Benndorf et al. 2020
 * Actinomadura rudentiformis Le Roes and Meyers 2007
 * Actinomadura rugatobispora Miyadoh et al. 1991
 * Actinomadura rupiterrae Lee 2012


 * Actinomadura scrupuli Lee and Lee 2010
 * Actinomadura sediminis He et al. 2012
 * Actinomadura soli Saricaoglu et al. 2021


 * "Actinomadura spiculosospora" Koguchi et al. 1986
 * "Actinomadura spinosa" Saitoh et al. 1993


 * Actinomadura sporangiiformans Zhao et al. 2016
 * Actinomadura sputi Yassin et al. 2010
 * Actinomadura syzygii Rachniyom et al. 2015


 * Actinomadura verrucosospora Nonomura and Ohara 1971 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * Actinomadura vinacea Lavrova and Preobrazhenskaya 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)
 * Actinomadura violacea Kanchanasin et al. 2021
 * Actinomadura viridilutea (Agre and Guzeva 1975) Zhang et al. 2001
 * Actinomadura viridis (Nonomura and Ohara 1971) Miyadoh et al. 1989
 * Actinomadura xylanilytica Zucchi et al. 2013
 * Actinomadura yumaensis Labeda et al. 1985