Agusan language

Agusan is a Manobo language of northeastern Mindanao in the Philippines.

Distribution and dialects
Agusan Manobo (consisting of the Umayam, Adgawan, Surigao, and Omayamnon dialects) is spoken in the following areas.


 * Agusan del Sur Province: western area, southeast of Lake Buluan
 * inland areas of Surigao del Sur Province
 * southwest of Lanuza Peninsula to Lianga Bay in Surigao del Sur Province
 * western Agusan del Norte Province
 * Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte provinces: continuous strip along northern borders
 * Surigao del Norte Province: southern tip, inland
 * scattered small border areas of Bukidnon and Davao Oriental provinces

Dibabawon Manobo is spoken in the following areas.
 * northern Compostela Valley Province: upper Agusan River area
 * Davao Oriental Province: Boston and Cateel municipalities
 * Davao del Norte Province: Asuncion municipality (in Manguagan)

Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo is spoken in the following areas.
 * northern border of Davao Oriental Province
 * southeast corner of Agusan del Sur Province
 * southern Surigao del Sur Province: Lingig (in Rajah Cabungsuan)

The Omayamnon, Dibabawon, and Rajah Kabunsuwan dialects are divergent.

Consonants
In Agusan, the stops have unreleased variants when occurring before another consonant, silence, and in syllable-final position. The glottal stop occurs in all consonant positions. Of the continuants, all occur in syllable-initial position and all except in word-final position. The consonants and  are used interchangeably.

Vowels
Agusan has only five vowels,, , , , and. Vowels may appear alone, after a consonant, or between consonants in a syllable. All vowels, with the exception of, may occur "in a sequence of identical vowels separated by a glottal stop". The vowel never occurs next to the consonant.