Alain Berton

Alain-Edgard Berton (1912–1979) was a French chemical engineer who specialized in toxicology and in the analysis of air components in industrial environments. In the late 1950s he invented the "Osmopile", a measuring device, dubbed "the first artificial nose," which initiated, through the use of highly sensitive galvanic cells, the electrochemical analysis of air to detect dangerous components.

Biography
Alain Berton was born in Coro Coro in Bolivia on 27 August 1912. He was the son of Adrien Berton, a mining engineer, and Justine Rodriguez. He was educated at the Lycée Hoche in Versailles, and became a chemical engineer at the Chemical Institute of the University of Paris in 1933. From 1935 to 1937 he was a Ramsay Fellow at the Institute of Technology in London, in the laboratory of Prof. William Lawrence Bragg, at the Royal Institution. He began his career in 1938 at the French National Centre for Scientific Research as a "boursier" (fellow) in Georges Urbain's laboratory (dedicated to war chemical studies, protection against poison gas). Following Georges Urbain's death that same year, he was assigned to Paul Lebeau's laboratory as "chargé de recherche" (researcher). From 1959 till 1969 he was head of research. In parallel, from 1959 to 1978, he was head of the Toxicology Laboratory for the Regional Social Security Fund in Paris.

The Osmopile
By the end of the war in 1944, post war recovery started: Alain Berton's work on the application of absorption and emission spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and infrared, and within the frame of concerns about labor force protection, the specific dosage of atmospheric pollutants became of vital interest in factories to effectively detect and remedy industrial pollution. Thus, in the 1950s, based on the method of gas chromatography analysis by low temperature followed by pyrolysis, he managed to isolate chlorinated substances and acid vapors components in the air. He was able to individualize traces of gas and vapors by using ultra-sensitive galvanic batteries and galvanic microcell detectors. He presented his research in the preamble to the convention of the Analytical Chemistry Group in 1958. Alain Berton named his invention "the Osmopile," later nicknamed "the sniffing cells" by the scientific journal Atomes. The first "artificial nose" was thus born. His invention was adopted and developed in the US and went around the world with a report from the Associated Press dated December 8, 1958.

Berton’s Osmopile was marketed by Jouan, a laboratory equipment manufacturer founded in the 1940s by a researcher from the Pasteur Institute and acquired in 2003 by Thermo Electron. The Osmopile device was modernized over time and used in the fight against industrial pollution. Through his invention, Alain Berton proved to be an ecology pioneer.

Patents

 * Berton, Alain Edgard : Montre-bracelet-réveil tactile. 5 décembre 1949 : FR953313-A
 * Berton Alain Edgard : Photomètre infrarouge utilisable en analyse physique et chimique. 24 janvier 1955 : FR1084823-A
 * Berton Alain: Photomètre simple ultraviolet, avec enregistreur photographique à lecture instantanée, utilisable en analyse physique et chimique. 27 juin 1958 : FR1159401-A
 * Berton Alain : Apparatus for detecting and measuring traces of impurities in a gas. 16 juin 1960 : FR1223277-A; idem, 27 juin 1960 : FR1224831-A
 * Berton Alain : Dispositif chimique d'enregistrement sans contact. 14 octobre 1960 : FR1234235-A
 * Berton Alain : Analyseur colorimétrique de vapeurs, portatif. 17 mars 1961 : FR1255988-A
 * Berton Alain : Dispositif électrochimique de détection d'impuretés dans les gaz. 10 août 1962 : FR1300917-A

Award
Alain Berton was awarded the Medal of the International Bureau of Analytical Chemistry (BICA)- International fight  against chemical weapons. led by fr:Paul Nicolardot.

Notes and references
The information on this page is partially translated from the equivalent page in French fr:Alain Berton (Chimiste) licensed under the Creative Commons/Attribution Sharealike. History of contributions can be checked here: