Aline MacMahon

Aline Laveen MacMahon (May 3, 1899 – October 12, 1991) was an American actress. Her Broadway stage career began under producer Edgar Selwyn in The Mirage during 1920. She made her screen debut in 1931, and worked extensively in film, theater, and television until her retirement in 1975. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Dragon Seed (1944).

Early life
MacMahon was born in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, the only child of William Marcus MacMahon and Jennie (née Simon) MacMahon. Her father was a telegraph operator, arbitrage broker and writer/editor in the Munsey publishing company, including their flagship title, Munsey's Magazine.

Aline's parents married on July 14, 1898, in Columbus, Ohio. Her father died on September 6, 1931. Her mother, an avid bell collector, died in 1984, at age 106.

MacMahon first appeared on stage as early as 1905. That year the family moved to Brooklyn from McKeesport, and Aline's mother began training her in the art of elocution. Soon, Aline was performing at local churches and festivals where she recited poems and played the violin. By 1908 she was well known enough to attract the attention of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, who reported "a series of songs and dances by Aline MacMahon" to be performed at St. Jude's Church in Brooklyn.

Although she had been earning handsome wages for many years on New York's so-called Strawberry Circuit, MacMahon made her true professional debut with a program of readings, recitations and music at New York's McAlpin Hotel in 1914.

Education
MacMahon was raised first in the Pittsburgh suburb of McKeesport, then in Brooklyn, New York. She attended New York's public school 103, then entered Erasmus Hall High School (Brooklyn) in 1912. In 1916 the MacMahon family moved to the upper west side of Manhattan and Aline enrolled in nearby Barnard College. It was there that MacMahon received a more serious education in acting, enrolling in "Wigs and Cues", the theater program run by the woman who became MacMahon's first great mentor, Minor Latham. By graduation she had appeared in nearly every program the school had mounted during those four years, and found multiple suitors for her talents, including offers from the Provincetown Players, producer / actor Walter Hampden, and the Neighborhood Playhouse.

Career
Aline made her (uncredited) Broadway debut in 1920 as a craps-playing debutante in The Mirage. Her Broadway credits include 24 shows, with many other off-Broadway and regional stage appearances during her career. After traveling to Los Angeles to star in the road company of the Broadway smash Once in a Lifetime, she was noticed by Warner Brothers director Mervyn LeRoy, and made her film debut in the Pre-Code drama Five Star Final (1931). After signing a long-term contract with Warners, Aline spent the rest of her career splitting time between New York and Hollywood in order to be with her husband, the Manhattan-based architect and city planner, Clarence Stein. In the 1930s and 40s she was a critical darling (Walter Winchell called her "the very good actress" ), often cast as the acerbic comedienne with a heart of gold, or the long-suffering woman unlucky in love. Her career diminished after her husband's health failed. Screen World Presents the Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors said that she "moved into character roles with ease as she became plumper and more motherly looking."

The Birth of Method Acting
In 1922 MacMahon was a member of the Neighborhood Playhouse company in Manhattan, just as Konstantin Stanislavski's Moscow Art Theatre visited New York for a legendary tour. Accolades poured in for the MAT's performances, and the executives of the Neighborhood Playhouse made arrangements to charter the first teaching class of the Method in America, which Aline attended with nine others. Aline MacMahon took the tenets of the Method very seriously, and was the only member of that inaugural class to achieve popular success, having debuted the technique on stage in the fall of 1923, and as the first practitioner of it on film in 1931. "I was the first," she said in 1959, "in the first group to be exposed to what has become the Method. Out of that summer [1923] has developed everything that the Method actors are doing." She was a pioneering Method actor in the western world.

Personal life
On March 28, 1928, MacMahon and Clarence Stein were married after a long courtship. The pair were devoted to each other, but commuting between coasts was a strain on their marriage. The couple had no children. MacMahon was chairwoman of the Equity Library Theater in 1950. She organized productions for community theaters and was active in relief charities. During the late 1940s and 1950s she was blacklisted as a Communist sympathizer and appeared on the notorious Communist watchlist pamphlet, Red Channels. The FBI held covert investigations of her and Clarence Stein for decades. The Steins were inveterate travelers, having sailed around the world in 1935–1936.

Death
MacMahon died in 1991, aged 92, of pneumonia in New York City.

Papers
The New York Public Library has a collection of MacMahon's papers that document various aspects of her life. They are housed in the library's Billy Rose Theatre Division.

The biography Aline MacMahon: Hollywood, the Blacklist, and the Birth of Method Acting was published in 2022 by University Press of Kentucky.

Partial filmography



 * Five Star Final (1931) – Miss Taylor
 * The Heart of New York (1932) – Bessie, the Neighbor
 * The Mouthpiece (1932) – Miss Hickey, Day's Secretary
 * Week-End Marriage (1932) – Agnes Davis
 * Life Begins (1932) – Miss Bowers
 * Once in a Lifetime (1932) – May Daniels
 * One Way Passage (1932) – Betty
 * Silver Dollar (1932) – Sarah Martin
 * Gold Diggers of 1933 (1933) – Trixie Lorraine
 * The Life of Jimmy Dolan (1933) – Mrs. Moore aka Auntie
 * Heroes for Sale (1933) – Mary
 * The World Changes (1933) – Anna Nordholm
 * Heat Lightning (1934) – Olga (first leading role)
 * The Merry Frinks (1934) – Hattie 'Mom' Frink
 * Side Streets (1934) – Bertha Krasnoff
 * Big Hearted Herbert (1934) – Elizabeth
 * Babbitt (1934) – Myra Babbitt
 * While the Patient Slept (1935) – Sarah Keate
 * Mary Jane's Pa (1935) – Ellen Preston
 * I Live My Life (1935) – Betty Collins
 * Kind Lady (1935) – Mary Herries
 * Ah, Wilderness! (1935) – Aunt Lily
 * When You're in Love (1937) – Marianne Woods
 * Back Door to Heaven (1939) – Miss Williams
 * Out of the Fog (1941) – Florence Goodwin
 * The Lady is Willing (1942) – Buddy
 * Tish (1942) – Lizzie Wilkins
 * Stage Door Canteen (1943) – Aline MacMahon
 * Seeds of Freedom (1943) – Odessa Citizen
 * Reward Unlimited (1944, short) – Mrs. Scott
 * Dragon Seed (1944) – Ling Tan's Wife
 * Guest in the House (1944) – Aunt Martha
 * The Mighty McGurk (1947) – Mamie Steeple
 * The Search (1948) – Mrs. Deborah R. Murray
 * Roseanna McCoy (1949) – Sarie McCoy
 * The Flame and the Arrow (1950) – Nonna Bartoli
 * The Eddie Cantor Story (1953) – Grandma Esther
 * The Man from Laramie (1955) – Kate Canaday
 * Cimarron (1960) – Mrs. Mavis Pegler
 * The Young Doctors (1961) – Dr. Lucy Grainger
 * Diamond Head (1963) – Kapiolani Kahana
 * I Could Go On Singing (1963) – Ida
 * All the Way Home (1963) – Aunt Hannah
 * For the Use of the Hall (1975, TV) - Bess

Census and other data

 * The 1910 United States Federal Census for Brooklyn, New York, April 16, 1910, Enumeration District 1409, Sheet 5.
 * The 1920 United States Federal Census for Manhattan Assembly District 13, January 25, 1920, Enumeration District 943, Sheet 9A.
 * U.S. Passport Applications 1795–1925, Roll 1533-6376-6749, March 19–21, 1921 (Ancestry.com)