Allegro (train)

Allegro was the brand name of a now defunct high-speed train service, operated by Alstom VR Class Sm6 trains, between Helsinki, Finland, and St. Petersburg, Russia.

History
The service started on 12 December 2010. The aim was to reduce travel time between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg: before Allegro, the journey time was 5½ hours; it became 3 hours and 27 minutes over a journey of 407 km and there were plans to bring it down to 3 hours. The name Allegro is a musical term for a quick tempo, thereby suggesting "high speed". On board the inaugural service were Finnish president Tarja Halonen and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin.

The service was suspended between 18 March 2020 and 11 December 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Service resumed with restrictions on 12 December 2021.

During the 2022 Russian financial crisis, in the aftermath of international sanctions placed on Russian companies following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Allegro train became a primary means for people to leave Russia. As European airspace had been closed to Russian planes, and Russian airspace was closed to European planes, the train was the only passenger connection between Russia and the European Union. EU authorities asked VR to keep this train running so that those wishing to leave Russia could do so (though as part of COVID-19 restrictions, only Finnish and Russian citizens were allowed to use the train, and it ran only twice a day at half-capacity, of 327 passengers; but operators worked to lift those restrictions in order to allow the evacuation of other nationals). The service was suspended on 27 March 2022 due to the aforementioned sanctions.

In December 2023, it was announced that VR Group had assumed the financial obligations of the joint stock company that used to run Allegro since it could no longer meet them itself. VR Group plans to reuse the rolling stock in domestic operations.

Route
Allegro connected the following stations:
 * St. Petersburg (Finlyandsky station)
 * Vyborg
 * Vainikkala
 * Kouvola
 * Lahti
 * Tikkurila
 * Helsinki (Central Station)

The trains also stopped previously in Pasila like every other passenger train from and to Helsinki, but this stop was discontinued between 27 March 2016 and 11 December 2021, when the stop in Pasila was revived.

Vainikkala (on the Finnish side of the border) and Vyborg are special stations: on trains bound for Finland, passengers are not allowed to leave the train at Vyborg, as the train only stops to pick up passengers; and on trains bound for Russia, passengers are not allowed to leave the train at Vainikkala, for the same reason.

Border controls
On board the train, each passenger was visited by Finnish Border Guard and customs officers, as well as their Russian counterparts. Finnish border control took place while the train was travelling between Kouvola and Vainikkala, while Russian border control took place while the train was travelling between Vyborg and St Petersburg. If boarding/exiting at Vainikkala or Vyborg, the checks took place inside these stations.

Vehicles
The Allegro service was operated using Class Sm6 trainsets built by Alstom. Sm6 stood for electric multiple unit (sähkömoottorijuna, literally 'electric motor train') model 6. VR had announced that they had seized full control of the trains and would begin using them in domestic services during 2025

The Sm6 appeared externally similar to VR's earlier Sm3 Pendolino series, but was based on the fourth generation 'Pendolino Nuovo' or 'New Pendolino' designs and its construction differed from the Sm3 in many ways.

The top speed of the train in passenger traffic was 220 km/h which could be reached between Kerava and Lahti. The train could run at a speed of 200 km/h between Tikkurila and Luumäki and Vyborg and St. Petersburg after extensive rail works. The aim had been to reduce travel time between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg from 5½ hours to 3 hours. The travel time was 3 hours 27 minutes.

All four Sm6 trains were refurbished by VR FleetCare between 2018 and 2019. The Sm6 fleet was primarily maintained at Ilmala depot north of Helsinki, although some maintenance mainly related to Russian technical systems was also performed in Saint Petersburg.

The Sm6 was equipped to operate on both the Finnish and the Russian railway networks. The units had dual-voltage electrical equipment able to use both the Finnish 25 kV 50 Hz alternating current and the Russian 3 kV direct current electrification systems. The wheelsets were built to run at over 200 km/h speeds on both the Finnish and the nominally slightly narrower Russian  gauges, and the doors were equipped with a retractable step to make boarding from both Finnish 550 mm high and Russian 1100 mm high platforms easy. The units were equipped for both the Finnish and Russian railway technical systems, which differed substantially.

On board services

 * Food: there is a restaurant coach, which serves food during the whole journey, except during customs inspection.
 * Currency exchange: there is an agent walking constantly back and forth on the train offering currency exchange services.
 * Children's area: there is an area where small children can play.