American Review (literary journal)

American Review (formerly the New American Review) was a literary journal published from 1967 to 1977 under editor Ted Solotaroff. Though it only published for ten years, it was the longest running paperback literary periodical at the time, and was influential for the large amount of work it published from notable authors.

Publishing history
The American Review published its first issue in 1967 as New American Review, edited by Ted Solotaroff. It was printed and distributed as a paperback book by the New American Library from 1967 to 1970. When it began to struggle financially, it continued in smaller numbers at Simon & Schuster until 1972 before finally moving to Bantam Books in 1973. At first, it was published at a rate of three issues per year, then reduced to two starting in 1975. Solotaroff served as editor for the duration of its publication, though Stanley Moss and Richard Howard served as poetry editors.

The twenty-sixth and final issue was published in September 1977. It ceased publication for financial reasons, and because Solotaroff felt it had run its course. Its circulation had decreased from a peak of 100,000 to 50,000 and its price increased from $0.95 to $2.45 a copy. The New York Times reported that at the time, it was "the longest-running paperback literary periodical". Slate 's Glenn Howard hypothesized that the publication's struggle may in part be due to the decline of "the countercultural project" of the 1960s.

Content
American Review printed traditional and experimental fiction, poetry, and nonfiction essays and journalism, although it prioritized fiction and poetry. It only published certain types of nonfiction, like memoirs and social criticism, and tended to avoid politics and current events. It called itself a "little magazine" (although issues spanned about 250 pages) and aimed to bring high quality literature to a mass audience, or in Solotaroff's words, the "democratization of literary culture".

It was unusual for the number of well-known and later-known writers it attracted from its very first issue. Its list of notable writers includes: Philip Roth, Susan Sontag, Gabriel García Márquez, Norman Mailer, Sylvia Plath, Tom Robbins, Jorge Luis Borges, A. Alvarez, Marshall Berman, E. L. Doctorow, Anna Akhmatova, A. R. Ammons, Max Apple, John Ashbery, Russell Banks, Donald Barthelme, John Berryman, Harold Brodkey, Robert Coover, George Dennison, Richard Eberhart, Stanley Elkin, Ralph Ellison, Leslie Epstein, William Gass, Richard Gilman, Allen Ginsberg, Albert Goldman, Günter Grass, Robert Graves, Peter Handke, Michael Herr, Richard Hugo, Stanley Kauffmann, Ian McEwan, James Merrill, W. S. Merwin, Leonard Michaels, Kate Millett, Conor Cruise O'Brien, Cynthia Ozick, Grace Paley, J. F. Powers, V. S. Pritchett, Mordecai Richler, Theodore Roszak, Lore Segal, Anne Sexton, Wilfrid Sheed, Gilbert Sorrentino, Robert Stone, James Welch, and Ellen Willis. Notable works published in whole or in part in the Review include Roth's Portnoy's Complaint, Millett's Sexual Politics, Moore's Catholics, Handke's A Sorrow Beyond Dreams, Coover's The Public Burning, and Doctorow's Ragtime.

In total, the American Review published 26 issues including about 200 short stories, 300 poems, and 130 essays written by 500 authors.

Legacy
Upon the publication's final issue, Richard Locke praised its content, influence, and ambition in The New York Times, while criticizing elements of Solotaroff's editorial style, such as his disinterest in impersonal forms of writing, never defining his standards, and passively letting writers bring work to him rather than cultivating a stronger guiding concept: "in his admirable reluctance to turn the review into a closed shop or to lay down an ideological line, he reduced his editorial criteria to an unarguable question of taste. And so the magazine was simply Solotaroff - not an institution like the old Partisan or Kenyon reviews, 'little magazines' with an articulate, developing cultural position, but rather a product of one man's taste". Years later, Glenn Howard wrote in Slate that the American Review "the greatest American literary magazine ever." Vanity Fair's James Wolcott said the publication "started off stellar and never lost altitude, never peaked out, continuing to make literary news back when literary news didn't seem like an oxymoron, each issue bearing something eventful...".