And Then There Were None (play)

And Then There Were None is a 1943 play by crime writer Agatha Christie. The play, like the 1939 book on which it is based, was originally titled and performed in the UK as Ten Little Niggers. It was also performed under the name Ten Little Indians.

Background
Christie had been pleased with the book, stating in her autobiography "I wrote the book after a tremendous amount of planning, and I was pleased with what I made of it." The book was very well received upon publication and Christie received a request from Reginald Simpson to be allowed to dramatise it. Christie refused, because she relished the challenge herself although it would take her two years to carry out the task. She knew the ending would have to be changed because all of the characters die in the book and therefore "I must make two of the characters innocent, to be reunited at the end and come safe out of the ordeal." The original nursery rhyme that inspired the title had an alternative ending:


 * "He got married and then there were none"

This allowed Christie to portray a different conclusion on stage.

After the play had been written, most people she discussed it with considered it impossible to produce. She received some encouragement from Charles Cochrane but he was unable to find financial backers. Finally, Bertie Mayer, who had produced the 1928 play Alibi, agreed to stage it.

After a try-out at the Wimbledon Theatre starting on 20 September 1943, the play opened in the West End at the St James's Theatre on 17 November. It gained good reviews and ran for 260 performances until 24 February 1944 when the theatre was bombed. It then transferred to the Cambridge Theatre opening on 29 February and running at that venue until 6 May. It then transferred back to the restored St James' on 9 May and finally closed on 1 July.

Although she did not feel it to be her best play, Christie did declare it was her best piece of "craftsmanship". She also considered it to be the play which formally started her career as a playwright, despite the success of Black Coffee in 1930.

Plot
The stage adaptation's plot largely follows that of the novel. The story begins when eight disparate guests arrive at an isolated mansion located on an island off the coast of Devon, and are tended to by two married domestics who prepared the house for their arrival. During the first evening a gramophone recording accuses all ten people of past crimes that went unpunished by the law. Soon they start dying one at a time, and the remaining guests deduce that the murderer is one of their own.

Scenes
The scene of the play is the living-room of the house on Indian Island (Nigger Island in the 1943 UK production), off the coast of Devon. The time – the present.

ACT I ACT II ACT III
 * An evening in August
 * Scene 1 – The following morning
 * Scene 2 – The same day. Afternoon
 * Scene 1 – The same day. Evening
 * Scene 2 – The following morning

Reception of London production
Ivor Brown reviewed the play in The Observer's issue of 21 November 1943 when he said, "Miss Agatha Christie does not stint things. Like Hotspur, who could kill six dozen Scots at breakfast, complain of his quiet life, and then ask for work, she is not one to be concerned about a mere singleton corpse. But she can add quality to quantity in her domestic morgue. In Ten Little Niggers she shows an intense ingenuity in adapting that very lethal rhyme (so oddly deemed a nursery matter) to modern conditions." Mr. Brown concluded that Henrietta Watson's portrayal of Emily Brent was, "the most authentic member of a house party with 'no future in it. played the airmen say. That gently lugubrious phrase certainly does not hold of the play."

Credits of London production
Director: Irene Hentschel

Decor by: Clifford Pember

Cast
William Murray – Rogers

Reginald Barlow – Narracott

Hilda Bruce-Potter – Mrs Rogers

Linden Travers – Vera Claythorne

Terence De Marney – Philip Lombard

Michael Blake – Anthony Marston

Percy Walsh – William Blore

Eric Cowley – General MacKenzie

Henrietta Watson – Emily Brent

Allan Jeayes – Sir Lawrence Wargrave

Gwyn Nicholls – Dr Armstrong

Broadway production
A production in New York opened at the Broadhurst Theatre under the title Ten Little Indians on 27 June 1944. On 6 January 1945, it transferred to the Plymouth Theatre where it ran from 9 January until 30 June 1945. The total run on Broadway was 426 performances.

Credits of Broadway production
Director: Albert de Courville

Cast
Neil Fitzgerald – Rogers

Georgia Harvey – Mrs. Rogers

Halliwell Hobbes – Sir Lawrence Wargrave

Nicholas Joy – General MacKenzie

Anthony Kemble Cooper – Anthony Marston

Claudia Morgan – Vera Claythorne

Patrick O'Connor – Fred Narracott

J. Pat O'Malley – William Blore

Michael Whalen – Philip Lombard

Estelle Winwood – Emily Brent

Harry Worth – Dr. Armstrong

Publication and further adaptations
The play was first published by Samuel French Ltd as a paperback in 1944. It was first published in hardback in The Mousetrap and Other Plays by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1978 (ISBN 0-396-07631-9) and in the UK by HarperCollins in 1993 (ISBN 0-00-224344-X).

At some point after the end of the Second World War, a survivor of Buchenwald concentration camp contacted Christie and told her that the inmates had staged their own production there, undoubtedly writing their own script as they would not have had access to the author's version. Christie was told that they found that it had "sustained them".

In November 2007, Lakota East High School in West Chester, OH, was set to perform the play but plans were cancelled after the NAACP protested about the production because of the original title of the novel. Lakota East High School officials subsequently revised their plans and decided to perform the play on 29 November under the title "And Then There Were None".

2005 production
On 14 October 2005 a new version of the play, written by Kevin Elyot and directed by Steven Pimlott opened at the Gielgud Theatre in London. For this script, Elyot restored the original book ending where both Vera and Lombard die and the murderer commits suicide. The versions of the rhyme and island name used were "Ten Little Soldiers" and "Soldier Island" as per current printings of the novel. Despite some positive reviews, the play closed on 14 January 2006.