Antillocladius

Antillocladius is a genus of midges belonging to the family Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The name Antillocladius means orthoclad (subfamily Orthocladiinae) that occurs in the Antilles, where it was primarily recorded.

Distribution
The genus Antillocladius is distributed in the Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic (East Asia) and Indomalayan realms. The genus was erected by Sæther (1981) based on A. antecalvus Sæther, 1981, from the British West Indies: Saint Vincent and Saint Lucia. Subsequently, Sæther (1982) described two new species from the southeastern United States (Antillocladius arcuatus and Antillocladius pluspilalus) and emended the genus. Wang and Sæther (1993) described two additional new species from Palaearctic and Oriental China. Andersen and Contreras-Ramos (1999) described the first species from Continental South America (Ecuador). The genus was revised by Mendes, Andersen & Sæther (2004), with the addition of nine species, plus two Japanese species transferred to the genus (Yamamoto, 2004). Recently the genus was revised by Mendes & Andersen (2008) with the addition of 7 new species from Brazil and a new combination of a species from India. The genus thus comprises:

Species

 * A. anandae Mendes, Andersen & Hagenlund, 2011 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. antecalvus Sæther, 1981 - recorded from Saint Vincent, Brazil and Venezuela
 * A. arcuatus Sæther, 1982 - recorded from United States, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela
 * A. atalaia Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. axitiosus Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. biota Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. brazuca Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. calakmulensis Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
 * A. campususp Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. folius Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. gephyrus Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. herradurus Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
 * A. itatiaia Mendes, Andersen & Hagenlund, 2011 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. laviejae Ospina-Torres, Jaime-Murcia & Mey, 2018 - recorded from Colombia
 * A. musci Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. plicatus Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. pluspilalus Sæther, 1982 - recorded from United States, Ecuador, Mexico and Nicaragua
 * A. scalpellatus Wang & Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Russia
 * A. skartveiti Andersen & Contreras-Ramos, 1999 - recorded from Ecuador
 * A. sooretama Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. subnubilus (Sinharay & Chaudhuri, 1979) - recorded from India
 * A. tokarameneus (Sasa & Suzuki, 1995) - recorded from Japan
 * A. ubatuba Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. ultimus Mendes & Andersen, 2008 - recorded from Brazil
 * A. venequatoriensis Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Venezuela and Ecuador
 * A. yakyijeus (Sasa & Suzuki, 2000) - recorded from Japan
 * A. zempoalensis Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 - recorded from Mexico
 * A. zhengi Wang & Sæther, 1993 - recorded from China and Thailand

Characteristics
The species are based on male genitalia characters and only two females are described, A. musci and A. antecalvus. The pupae are known of only four species, A. antecalvus, A. folius, A. musci and A. pluspilalus. The larvae are known of only three species, A. folius, A. musci and A. pluspilalus.

The immatures of the genus are described from terrestrial and semi-terrestrial habitats, sharing the environment with many other genera in the subfamily Orthocladiinae.