Aperto '93



Aperto ’93 is the title of an exhibition of contemporary art conceived by Helena Kontova and Giancarlo Politi, and organized by Helena Kontova for the XLV edition of the Venice Biennale, directed by Achille Bonito Oliva in 1993. It reprised and expanded the concept of the exhibition Aperto, a new section in the Biennale for young artists ideated by Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann in 1980.

Concept and realisation
The show, entitled “Emergency/Emergenze,” signified a shift in the history of exhibition making. Instead of proposing a vision developed by a sole curator – or curatorial team – Aperto ’93 proposed a rhizomic or cellular model. In this model different points of view related to the then emerging scene, deeply influenced by the process of globalization, underlined the necessity of coexistence and cohabitation and furthermore a fragmentation of the way to think and criticize visual art.

Kontova the editor, together with Politi, of Flash Art Italia and Flash Art International (www.flashartonline.com), took over the legacy of “Aperto” the section of the Venice Biennale devoted to emerging artists created in 1980 and inaugurated with a show curated by Achille Bonito Oliva and Harald Szeemann and then abolished in 1997 by Jean Clair.

The curators altered the emphasis from a mere section into a "show within a show," featuring works by 120 artists including: Laura Aguilar, Matthew Barney, Henry Bond, Christine Borland, Maurizio Cattelan, Collection Yoon Ja & Paul Devautour, John Currin, Sylvie Fleury, Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster, Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Lothar Hempel, Damien Hirst, Carsten Höller, Sean Landers, Paul McCarthy, Gabriel Orozco, Philippe Parreno, Simon Patterson, Charles Ray, Pipilotti Rist, Andres Serrano, Kiki Smith, Rudolf Stingel, Rirkrit Tiravanija, Andrea Zittel, Wu Shanzhuan, Wang Youshen, Emmanuel Kane Kuei and Botala Tala.

Anticipating "the curators’ era," Aperto ’93 consisted of 13 sections, each of them managed by then-emerging curators, many of whom are now internationally acclaimed, such as Francesco Bonami (first Italian to curate the Whitney Biennial), Nicolas Bourriaud (theoretician of Relational Art), Kong Changan, Antonio D'Avossa, Jeffrey Deitch (director of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles), Thomas Locher, Robert Nickas, Matthew Slotover (founder of Frieze magazine and art fair), Berta Sichel and Benjamin Weil.

Critical reception
The show became a cult event of the ’90s, managing to frame what was happening at that time.

Artforum published a review entitled "Aperto 93: The Better Biennale". The model of Aperto ’93 is often quoted by curators, and it was a source of inspiration for the 2003 Venice Biennale directed by Francesco Bonami, the first Moscow Biennale, the second Johannesburg Biennale directed by Okwui Enwezor, and the first and second Gwangju Biennale.

Artists in Aperto '93

 * Laura Aguilar
 * Pep Agut
 * Kai Althoff
 * Janine Antoni
 * Filadelfo Anzalone
 * Hany Armanious
 * Matthew Barney
 * Sadie Benning
 * Biefer & Zgraggen
 * Bigert & Bergström
 * Henry Bond
 * Christine Borland
 * Marco Brandizzi
 * Angela Bulloch
 * Kathe Burkhart
 * Giorgio Cattani
 * Maurizio Cattelan
 * Cercle Ramo Nash
 * Dawn Clements
 * Mat Collishaw
 * Meg Cranston
 * John Currin
 * Mario Dellavedova
 * Jessica Diamond
 * Cheryl Donegan
 * Milena Dopitová
 * Lukas Duwenhögger
 * Maria Eichhhorn
 * Róza El-Hassan
 * Marcelo Expósito
 * Ocean Earth Construction and Development Corporation
 * Sylvie Fleury
 * Formento & Sossella
 * Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster
 * Félix Gonzáles-Torres
 * Gotscho
 * Renée Green
 * Scott Grodesky
 * Sigrid Hackenberg
 * Haha
 * Lothar Hempel
 * José Antonio Hernández-Diez
 * Damien Hirst
 * Carsten Höller
 * Martin Honert
 * Richard House
 * Fabrice Hybert
 * Wendy Jacob
 * Michael W. Joo
 * Samuel Kane Kwei
 * Josif Kiraly
 * Dimitris Kozaris
 * Elke Krystufek
 * Carter Kustera
 * Alix Lambert
 * Sean Landers
 * Zbigniew Libera
 * Eva Marisaldi
 * Daniel J. Martinez
 * Paul McCarthy
 * Lee Ming-Sheng
 * Dan Mihaltianu
 * Regina Möller
 * Mondo / Mokoh
 * Gianmarco Montesano
 * Liliana Moro / Bernhard Rüdiger
 * Kirsten Mosher
 * Kohdai Nakahara
 * New Madras Agency
 * Bonnie Ntshalintshali
 * Kristin Oppenheim
 * Gabriel Orozco
 * Anatoly Osmolovsky
 * Laurie Palmer
 * Agelo Papadimitriou
 * Paper Tiger Television
 * Philippe Parreno
 * Simon Patterson
 * Hirsch Perlman
 * Dan Peterman
 * Vong Phaophanit
 * Steven Pippin
 * Premiata Ditta s.a.s. (Vincenzo Chiarandà e Anna Stuart Tovini)
 * Luca Quartana
 * Charles Ray
 * Rosângela Rennó
 * Pipilotti Rist
 * Julie Roberts
 * Alexis Rockman
 * Christopher Roth
 * Nancy Rubins
 * Doris Salcedo
 * Sergio Sarra
 * Eran Schaerf
 * Nicolaus Schafhausen
 * Julia Scher
 * Rainald Schumacher
 * Andres Serrano
 * Wu Shanzhuan
 * Torsten Slama
 * Kiki Smith
 * Nedko Solakov
 * Ivano Sossella
 * Georgina Starr
 * Franz Stauffenberg
 * Rudolf Stingel
 * SubREAL
 * Botala Tala
 * Rikrit Tiravanija
 * Maria Grazia Toderi
 * TODT
 * Rigoberto Torres
 * Oliviero Toscani
 * Octavian Trauttmansdorff
 * Noboru Tsubaki
 * Patrick Van Caeckenbergh
 * Niek Van De Steeg
 * Eugenia Vargas
 * Rolf Walz
 * Nari Ward
 * Sue Williams
 * Yukinori Yanagi
 * Wang Youshen
 * Peter Zimmermann
 * Andrea Zittel