Athens–Lavrion Railway

Athens–Lavrion Railway (Σιδηροδρομική Γραμμή Λαυρίου - Αγίων Αναργύρων) was a railway line connecting downtown Athens with Eastern Attica and the mining town of Lavrion in Greece.

Attica Railways (1882–1926)
The contract between the Greek government and the Hellenic Company of Lavrion Metallurgies was signed in 1882. The line would be 76 km long, with a branch line from Heraklion to Kifissia. A new private company, Attica Railways (Σιδηρόδρομοι Αττικής), was founded to take over the new line.

The line from Attiki to Kifissia (a northern suburb) was opened on 2 February 1885 and was later extended further north to Strofyli. The main line to Lavrion was officially opened on 20 June 1885, although the section Keratea–Lavrion was in limited use before that date.

In 1889 the line was extended by 2 km towards the center of Athens, to a station located at Lavrion Square, near Omonoia Square. The section between Lavrion Square and Attica remained in use until 1926, when it was replaced by a tram line.

The section from Athens (Lavrion Square) to Irakleio was 9.2 km long, 56.8 km from Heraklion to Lavrion, and 7.4 km between Heraklion and Strofyli. All sections were single track, with passing loops at most stations.

The main rolling stock depot and repair workshop were located at Attiki station, with additional facilities at Lavrion.

A short (273 m), single-track spur branched off at a junction located 1 km beyond Heraklion station, followed by a 90° right curve and ending at Kalogreza or Nea Alexandreia station. The branch line was constructed in or just after 1944 and served the local brown coal (lignite) mines of Kalogreza. It was closed in 1957, sharing the fate of Athens–Lavrion railway. There are no visible traces of the tracks left. Another branch line served Cambas Winery at Leontarion (Kantza). In the Lavrion mining area the line connected with the industrial networks of the two mining companies.

In 1910 Attica Railways were taken over by the Hellenic Electric Railways company.

Rolling stock
The passenger service to Lavrion consisted of two trains in each direction per day. The trains were hauled by Tubize 0-6-2T steam locomotives, delivered between 1885 and 1889. Between 1900 and 1925 ten 2-6-0T locomotives were procured in four batches: one from Vassiliadis Works in Piraeus, and the remaining nine from Krauss in Germany. Two additional Tubize 0-6-2T locomotives were bought from Thessaly Railways in 1919 and were converted to 2-6-2T.

Part of Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways (1929–1962)
In 1926 the lines to Lavrion and Kifissia was taken over by the Electric Transport Company, a member of Power and Traction Finance Company. In 1929 the line from Heraklion to Lavrion was transferred to the Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways (SPAP).

Under SPAP operation service to Lavrion departed from Athens Peloponnese Station. SPAP trains initially used the Attiki to Irakleio section without stopping at intermediate stations until 1931, when SPAP constructed a line from the station of Kato Liossia (later Agioi Anargyroi) to Heraklion. Between 1929 and 1931 SPAP trains would access the Lavrion line at Attiki station using a temporary short connection crossing the standard gauge line north of Athens Central ("Larissis") station.

SPAP took possession of the ten 2-6-0T (Vassiliadis/Krauss) locomotives while the remaining ones were used by IEM for the Attiki–Kifissia–Strofyli service.

In 1944 the line was damaged and wasn't reopened until 1952, with three trains in each direction on weekdays and an extra passenger train on weekends. Service was provided by Uerdingen/MAN railbuses. Freight trains still used steam traction.

The line was closed to passenger traffic in 1957, due to political lobbying by private bus owners. Limited freight and special passenger trains ran for a few more years. In 1962 the connection between Kato Liosia and Heraklion was severed due to the construction of the new Athens–Thessaloniki highway and the line was abandoned.

Preservation
Small sections of the line survive at various locations. Museum railways of Attica Co. (Εταιρεία Μουσειακών Σιδηροδρόμων Αττικής or ΕΜΣΑ), a preservation society in the form of a non-for-profit company, maintains two small sections each 3 km long, one near Kalyvia and one near Keratea.

Reopening
In 2016 a nine-station, 32 km extension of the Athens Suburban Railway beyond Koropi station was announced. The extension to Lavrio will connect 300,000 more people to the rail network at a cost of €350 million.