Avandhan Manidhan

Avandhan Manidhan is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language drama film, co-written and directed by A. C. Tirulokchandar from a story by G. Balasubramaniam. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Muthuraman, Jayalalithaa and Manjula. It revolves around an extremely generous man who refuses to budge from his nature, even as it leads to his downfall.

After Balasubramaniam wrote the story exclusively for Ganesan, director K. Shankar and producer Noor were attached. Ganesan however refused, and the story was later filmed in Kannada as Kasturi Nivasa (1971). After that film's success, Ganesan agreed to act in a potential Tamil remake, which became Avandhan Manidhan, his 175th film as an actor. The new film was directed by Tirulokchandar, produced by A. Ramanujam and K. N. Subramanian, photographed by M. Viswanatha Rai and edited by B. Kandhasamy.

Avandhan Manidhan was released on 11 April 1975. The film became a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.

Plot
Ravi, the owner of a matchbox factory, is a widower and lost his daughter in an accident. Recognising that his honest employee Chandran is in a similar position, he decides to help Chandran financially. As Chandran attends training in the United States, Ravi takes care of Chandran's charming daughter. On return, Chandran suggests changing the company's structure. The traditionalist Ravi becomes infuriated. Protesting this, Chandran resigns and starts his own matchbox company and becomes the leading matchbox manufacturer.

This begins Ravi's downfall, his charity and donating activities have eaten up profit and he ends up putting his house on sale. Chandran calls for the highest bid and wants to give it back to Ravi, but being the man that he is, Ravi would not accept. Chandran has already got Lalitha, his ex-secretary whom Ravi had a crush on, and now Ravi's house.

Film ends on a tragic note when all Ravi has is his Dove, and Lalitha requests him to give it to her, as her daughter is sick and is crying for Ravi uncle's Dove. Ravi has just sold that, so that he could feed. Unable to say no to a request he breathes his last.

Production
In early 1970, G. Balasubramaniam had written a story exclusively for Sivaji Ganesan, and film producer Noor bought the rights for ₹ 25,000, with K. Shankar signed on to direct. However, Ganesan was reluctant after hearing the story, feeling it was too tragic. A year later, the same story was bought by the director duo Dorai–Bhagavan for ₹ 38,000, and they made it into a Kannada film titled Kasturi Nivasa, with Rajkumar starring. After the film's success, Ganesan decided to remake it in Tamil, and bought the remake rights for ₹ 2,00,000. The remake was titled Avandhan Manidhan, and the 175th film of Ganesan. It was directed by A. C. Tirulokchandar, co-produced by K. N. Subramaniam, photographed by M. Viswanatha Rai and edited by B. Kandhasamy. While Tirulokchandar also wrote the screenplay, Panchu Arunachalam wrote the dialogues. Some scenes involving Ganesan and Manjula were shot at Singapore, including Queen Elizabeth Walk.

Themes
Film historian Mohan Raman interpreted one scene where Cho's character tells Chandrababu's character, "Ellarum Ungala Marandutaanga pa" (Everyone has forgotten you, man) as reflecting Chandrababu's real life situation at that time. Another historian, K. Puttaswamy noted the story's similarities to Timon of Athens, a play by William Shakespeare.

Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. S. Viswanathan, with lyrics by Kannadasan. The song "Aattuviththaal Yaaroruvar", like many songs written by Kannadasan, extols the Hindu god Krishna. The song "Anbu Nadamadum" is set in Vasanthi raga.

Release and reception
Avandhan Manidhan was released on 11 April 1975. Kanthan of Kalki praised Tirulokchander's direction and writing, Arunachalam's dialogues, and the performances of Ganesan, Muthuraman and Sundarrajan. The film became a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.