Avers

Avers (Avras; Òòver(s),, ) is a high Alpine valley region and a municipality in the Viamala Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It includes Juf, the highest-altitude year-round settlement in Europe.

History
Avers is first mentioned in 1292 as Anue or Avre. In 1354 it was mentioned as Auers.

Geography
Avers has an area,, of 93.1 km2. Of this area, 50% is used for agricultural purposes, while 5.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (44%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

The following villages are part of the municipality: Campsut (and Maxsut, 1668 m ), Cröt (1715 m), Cresta (1960 m), Pürt (1921 m), Am Bach (1959 m), Juppa (2004 m), Podestatsch Hus (2046 m) and Juf (2126 m).

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Hinterrhein district and is the capital and only municipality in the Avers sub-district, after 2017 it was part of the Viamala Region. It includes the Jufer valley, the Averser branch of the Rhine as well as the side valleys of Madris and Bergalga.

Demographics
Despite being surrounded by Romansh speaking areas and the Italian speaking side valley of Valle di Lei, the people here speak German due to the Walser immigrants that settled the higher and remote valleys in Graubünden after migrating from the west. Their culture can be followed on a multi-day hike through all of the Canton of Graubünden, called the Walserweg.

Avers has a population (as of ) of. , 4.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -9.1%.

, the gender distribution of the population was 46.5% male and 53.5% female. The age distribution,, in Avers is; 28 people or 17.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 7 people or 4.4% are 10 to 14, and 5 people or 3.1% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 8 people or 5.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 22 people or 13.8% are 30 to 39, 27 people or 16.9% are 40 to 49, and 15 people or 9.4% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 18 people or 11.3% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 21 people or 13.1% are 70 to 79, there are 8 people or 5.0% who are 80 to 89, and there is 1 person or 0.6% who is 90 to 99.

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 70.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (19%), the CVP (5.8%) and the FDP (4.7%).

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Avers about 66.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Avers has an unemployment rate of 1.56%. , there were 51 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 11 people are employed in the secondary sector and there is 1 business in this sector. 31 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 12 businesses in this sector.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Languages
German is spoken by the vast majority of the population and is the only official language of the municipality. 93.8% of the population speaks German, with Romansh being second most common ( 1.9%) and Italian being third ( 1.3%).

Heritage sites of national significance
The Reformed Church in Avers is listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significance.

Houses
A custom in the Avers valley (found also in Bosco/Gurin, Ticino) was to build houses with a Seelabalga ("soul-beam"). This was a sliding wooden door covering a small round hole through the wall, which was opened to allow the soul of a deceased inhabitant to depart.

Weather
Avers has an average of 120.2 days of rain per year and on average receives 1091 mm of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Avers receives an average of 150 mm of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.2, but with only 113 mm of precipitation. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 42 mm of precipitation over 12.4 days.