Aythorpe Roding Windmill

Aythorpe Roding Windmill is a Grade II* listed Post mill at Aythorpe Roding, Essex, England which has been restored to working order.

History
Aythorpe Roding Windmill stands on the site of an earlier mill which was standing in 1615. It was probably built in 1779 as witnessed by the inscription Built 1779 on a timber in the mill. The mill was insured in 1798 for £50 and in 1805 for £140. The mill was drawn on the 1846 Tithe Map as having an open trestle. It was advertised in the Chelmsford Chronicle of 10 February 1860 as "for sale to be pulled down and removed by the purchaser". At some point, probably between 1860 and 1868, the mill was modernised. The common sails were replaced by patents; the wooden windshaft replaced by a cast-iron one; the layout of the millstones changed from head and tail to breast; a roundhouse was added to protect the trestle and provide storage space; a fantail was added to turn the mill to wind automatically, replacing the manual tailpole previously carried. The mill had been fitted with a fantail by 1868, and a steam engine by 1890, driving an extra pair of millstones in the roundhouse. It was working until 1937. The mill was leased by Essex County Council in 1940 Restoration by millwright Vincent Pargeter was completed in 1982. The mill ground its first grain after restoration on 3 March 1982. It was officially opened to the public by Ken Farries on 30 April 1983.

Description
Aythorpe Roding Windmill is a post mill with a single-storey roundhouse. It has four double patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. Two pairs of millstones are located in the breast. The mill is winded by fantail. The mill is 44 ft high to the roof.

Trestle and roundhouse
The crosstrees are 24 ft long. The upper crosstree is 10 in square in section and the lower crosstree is 13 in by 12 in. The upper crosstree is made of two pieces of timber, scarf jointed in the vertical plane, and with an iron plate bolted under the join. There is also an oak plate on one side of the crosstree, which is bolted to the crosstree, a pair of spacers being used as the scarf is within the horns of the main post. The lower crosstree bears a date of 1869, which is probably the date the roundhouse was erected. The main post is 20 ft in length, and 30 in by 29 in in section at its base. It is fitted with a cast-iron Samson head by Christie and Norris, the Chelmsford millwrights.

Body
The body of the mill measures 21 ft by 12 ft in plan, making this the largest post mill in Essex. The crown tree is 20 in square in section at the ends, and 20 in by 19 in at the centre.

Sails and windshaft
The windshaft is of cast iron, replacing a former wooden one. It was probably secondhand when fitted as it is longer than is really necessary. The mill has four double Patent sails. The mill would originally have been built with Common sails and a wooden windshaft.

Machinery
The Brake Wheel was converted from Compass arm construction. It has a six-armed, cast-iron centre and wooden rim and it is 10 ft diameter. The mill was originally built with the millstones arranged head and tail, and was converted to a breast stone layout at the time the cast-iron windshaft and patent sails were fitted. The wallower is wooden, and was secondhand when fitted to the mill, as was the cast-iron great spur wheel.

Millers
Reference for above:-
 * William Glasscock 1615 (previous mill)
 * Joshua Wright 1798
 * Joseph Knight 1805
 * Tabrum 1833
 * Stephen Crossingham 1848 - 1850
 * E P Bennett 1866
 * James Webster 1874 - 1878
 * Charles Large 1882
 * Thomas Belsham 1890
 * Ernest and John Belsham 1906 - 1937

Culture and media
Aythorpe Roding Windmill appeared in an episode of The Protectors titled Triple Cross which was filmed in 1972.